PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
SUBMITTED TO: MR PIRZADA
S U M I T T E D B Y:
LAIBA MAHIEEN
A I M A N C H O U D H RY
PROJECT
Project: A project can be defined as a series of tasks that need to be completed in order to reach a
specific outcome, a set of inputs and outputs required to achieve a particular goal
Project is a great opportunity to achieve their business more efficiently through implementing change
Project helps us make desired changes in an organized manner and with reduced probability of failure
For example: Develop a website, Organize a party or meeting, Implementing a new or modified data
system, Construction a building or facility etc
CHARACTERISTIC
Any project can be characterized by these characteristic
Temporary
Unique Deliverable
Progressive Elaboration
WORK BREAKDOWN
A project can be work breakdown in to following
•Program: a broad, long term objective that is often decomposed into a series of project and sub projects
•Task: an identifiable and measurable activity that create a small unit of work for a related project
•Work package: division of a project task
•Work unit: division of work packages
Project along with programs, tasks, work packages and work units are the elements of work breakdown
structure WBS. Often used to determine an activity based hierarchy of projects, with reference to their
deliverables and objectives.
LIFE CYCLE OF A PROJECT
A project life cycle is a series of phases that represent the evaluation of product, from concept
through delivery to retirement
The series of phases that a project passes through from its initiation to its closure
Life cycle is divided into four phases
1. Initiation
2. Planning
3. Execution
4. Closure
LIFE CYCLE OF A PROJECT
INITIATION:
• Develop a business case
• Identify scope
• Identify project stakeholder
PLANNING:
• Create a workflow document
• Gather resource
• Estimation budget
LIFE CYCLE OF A PROJECT
EXECUTION:
• Brief team members
• Monitor quality of work
• Manage budget
CLOSURE:
• Analyze project team results
• Document project closure
• Account used and unused budget
LIFE CYCLE OF A PRODUCT
The life cycle of a product is associated with marketing and management decisions within businesses
and all products go through five primary stages
•Development
•Introduction
•Growth
•Maturity
•Decline
•int
LIFE CYCLE OF A PRODUCT
1. DEVELOPMENT: Researching and developing a product before it is made available for sales in
the market
2. INTRODUCTION: Launching the product into the market
3. GOWTH: When sales are increasing at their fastest rate
4. MATURITY: Sales are near their highest but the rate of growth is slowing down. E.g new
competitors in market or saturation.
5. DECLINE: Final stage of cycle is when sales begin to fall.
:
PROJECT VS PRODUCT LIEF
CYCLE
•PROJECT LIFE CYCLE:
a project life cycle is a series of phases that a
project passes through from its initiation to its
closure
•PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE:
a new product progress through a sequence of
stages from development to decline. this
sequences are known as product life cycle.
IMPORTANT:
Every product in different stages of the
product goes through each phases of project.
ORGANIZATIONS AND ITS TYPES
ORGANIZATION:
In project management organization is a concept which helps in coordination between the organization strategies
and program management. Portfolio management, project management. The structure of organizational project
management is used in aligning the practices of project management with the organization’s structure
TYPES:
Following are the types of organizations:
• Functional organization
• Project based organization
• Matrix organization
FUNCTION ORGANIZATIONS
FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION:
In a functional organization participants are grouped into so called departments, each of which
addresses a function
EXAMPLE OF DEPARTMENT:
•TRADITIONAL BUSINESSES: Research, development, production, sales, finance.
•In software companies the departments correspond to the activities in the software process: Analysis,
design, integration, testing departments
FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION
ADVANTAGES:
•Members of a department have a good understanding of the functional area they support
•Departments don’t compete with another to get the support of their support teams.
DISADVANTAGES:
•Because each department has its own support teams, different work procedures and reporting system
are the rule.
•It is difficult to make major investments in equipment and facilities
PROJECT ORGANIZATION
PROJECT ORGANIZATION:
In a project organization participants are grouped into projects, each of which has a problem to be
solved within time and budget.
PROJECT ORGANIZATION
ADVANTAGES:
• Very responsive to new project requests
• New people can be hired/selected who are very familiar with the problem or who have special capabilities
• There is no waste of staff workload
DISADVANTAGES:
• Team cannot be assembled rapidly. Often it is difficult to manage the hiring process
• Because there are “no predefined lines”, roles and responsiblies need to be defined at the beginning of the
project
MATRIX ORGANIZATION
MATRIX ORGANIZATION:
In a matrix organization, participants from different departments of the functional organization are
assigned to work on projects as they are created.
The project manager and team members may be assigned to the project for 100% of their time.
MATRIX ORGANIZATION
ADVANTAGES:
• Teams for project can be assembled rapidly
• Scare expertise can be applied to different projects as needed
• Consistent work and reporting procedures can be used for project of the same type.
DISADVANTAGES:
• Team members usually are not familiar with each other
• Team members have different working styles
• Team members must get used to each other
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
