Solar Cell: Name:Tamana MATRIC NUMBER:G1924166 Course:Semiconductor Devices

SOLAR CELL
NAME:TAMANA
MATRIC NUMBER:G1924166
COURSE:SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
What is a SOLAR CELL?
Construction of a SOLAR CELL
How does it work?

LAYOUT
Performance Parameters of a SOLAR CELL
Latest Technology
Islamization
WHAT IS A SOLAR CELL?
•Solar Cell also called a Photovoltaic Cell is a device that directly converts the energy of light into electrical energy.
•Unlike batteries or fuel cells , solar cells do not utilize chemical reactions or require fuel to produce electrical power and unlike
generators , they do not have any moving parts.
•Majority of SOLAR CELLS are fabricated from silicon. Although Germanium, Gallium Arsenide, Indium Arsenide are also used
nowadays.
CONSTRUCTION
OF SOLAR CELL
•It is a PN junction diode typically
Silicon.
•The top layer is N-type. The bottom
layer is P-type.
•Metal layers are deposited on N and
P type to take contacts but in a finger
fashion on type so that light can
penetrate.
HOW DOES A SOLAR CELL WORK?
• When light waves hit the top layer, only

light with wavelengths from a specific
window of the solar system are absorbed
into the middle layer. This range includes
the visible spectrum.
• The light waves knock off an electron
setting it free. An electron hole pair is
created.
• Electric field is present in the depletion region.
• The electric field sends the holes to P side and
electrons to N side.
• The lose electron and holes moves to N and P type
respectively. This continues as long as sunlight
shines on this cell.
• Now that electrons and holes have been
separated, connecting a circuit provides a
pathway for electrons and holes to flow.
ENERGY BAND
DIAGRAM
• The incident light will generate
electron hole pairs.
• Electric field is present in the
depletion region(N to p).
• The electric field sends the holes to
P side and electrons to N side.
• This results in LUMINOUS
CURRENT.
• The direction of luminous current
is always from N to P because
direction of electric field in
depletion region will be from N to
P.
ENERGY BAND DIAGRAM
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
• We have a diode with voltage Vd across it and diode
current Id with light incident on it.
• In the equivalent circuit what is extra is a current
component (luminous current) because of sunlight. We
represent it as a current source (N to P).
CHARACTERISTICS
• Even if the diode is forward biased, the current due
to incident light will be from N to P.
• But as we increase the forward bias, the forward
bias current will be acting in opposite direction of
luminous current. Luminous current is because of
the electric field in the junction which will decrease
due to forward bias. So luminous current will keep
decreasing in magnitude.
CHARACTERISTIC
S
• As we move across the curve, there
is some point in between where
the power is highest.
• Maximum power is the product of
maximum current and maximum
voltage.
FILL FACTOR
• Voc and Isc make a rectangle and so do Vm
and Im.
• We can think of FILL FACTOR as how
much portion of bigger rectangle is filled
by smaller rectangle.
• Fill factor is always less than 1.
• FF<1.
CONVERSION EFFICIENCY
• The efficiency of a solar cell is determined
as the fraction of incident power which is
converted to electricity.
Where,
• Voc is the open-circuit voltage;
• Isc is the short-circuit current;
• FF is the fill factor and
• η is the efficiency.
LATEST TECHNOLOGY
• Light-Sensitive Nanoparticles. Recently, a group of scientists at the University of Toronto
unveiled a new type of light-sensitive nanoparticle called colloidal quantum dots, that many
believe will offer a less expensive and more flexible material for solar cells.
MULTI JUNCTION SOLAR CELL
• Multi-junction (MJ) solar cells are solar cells with multiple p–n junctions made of different
semiconductor materials. Each material's p-n junction will produce electric current in
response to different wavelengths of light. The use of multiple semiconducting materials
allows the absorbance of a broader range of wavelengths, improving the cell's sunlight to
electrical energy conversion efficiency.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

FLOATING SOLAR
• There is a way to address land use concerns associated with wide scale solar.
• Since over 70% of earths surface is covered in water, some researchers including a French
firm called Ciel et Terre are experimenting to erect solar plants on water.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

ADVANCES IN ENERGY STORAGE
• Molten Salt Storage Technology. A company called Novatec Solar recently commissioned a
promising energy storage solution for solar PV systems using a molten salt storage
technology. The process uses inorganic salts to transfer energy generated by solar PV
systems into solar thermal using heat transfer fluid rather than oils as some storage system
have.
ISLAMIZATION
• ALLAH has created the sun to benefit all beings, to provide them with light and warmth. It
is the biggest source of energy for us. It has enough energy to sustain whole of the mankind
for whole of there existance.
• Even though the sun already has a major role in the sustenance of life on earth ,but still
ALLAH has given us enough intelligence and power to think and use solar energy to our
fullest advantages.

Solar Cell: Name:Tamana MATRIC NUMBER:G1924166 Course:Semiconductor Devices

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Solar Cell: Name:Tamana MATRIC NUMBER:G1924166 Course:Semiconductor Devices

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Solar Cell: Name:Tamana MATRIC NUMBER:G1924166 Course:Semiconductor Devices

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SOLAR CELL

Construction of a SOLAR CELL

How does it work?

• When light waves hit the top layer, only

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

You might also like