What is a SAN

Module 1
UC434S G.00

© Copyright 2013 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.
 Course Modules

Module 1 – What is a SAN

Module 2 – Fibre Channel Basics
Module 3 – Fibre Channel Switches
Module 4 – SAN Hosts
Module 5 – Disk Targets
Module 6 – Fibre Channel Advanced
Module 7 – SAN Management
Module 8 – iSCSI
Module 9 – SAN Extension

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 Course Modules

Module 10 – FCoE
Module 11 – SAN Security
Module 12 – Data Protection
Module 13 – Performance
Module 14 – SAN Design

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 Objectives

After completing this module you should be able to:

• What is a SAN?
• Why the need for SAN?
• DAS
• NAS
• SAN
• Tiered Storage
• SAN hardware components
• Power-On sequence for SAN components

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 What is a SAN?

• Separate infrastructure for storage

components
• Network designed specifically for
storage I/O
• Resilient and/or redundant design
• Segregated from user network traffic
• Typically uses Fibre Channel protocol
• May include long-haul links for inter-
site replication

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 Definition of a SAN
Storage Network Industry Association (SNIA) statement:
SNIA defines a SAN as "A network whose primary purpose is the
transfer of data between computer systems and storage elements, and
among storage elements. A SAN consists of a communication
infrastructure which provides physical connections, and a management
layer which organizes the connections, storage elements, and computer
systems so that data transfer is secure and robust."

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 Why SAN?

Faster backups and restores

Business continuance
High availability
Server and storage consolidation
Cost savings
Centralized management
Security
Open systems

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 Better Utilization of Backup and Restore Solutions.
Backup library

Server Server

Disk system

Virtual Tape Libraries

SAN
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 Business Continuance

Continue essential business functions after

disaster
— Technology
— Extended distance clustering
— Split-site data replication
Documentation
— Disaster recovery plan
— Business resumption plan
— Business recovery plan
— Contingency plan

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 High Availability

High Availability=
clustered systems +
redundant fabrics +
bullet-proof disk array

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 Server and Storage Consolidation

Distributed storage
SCSI SCSI

Consolidated storage

SAN

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 Efficiency improvements through consolidation
• Better disk capacity utilization than DAS
• Fewer devices, improved performance and increased value

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 Centralized Management

Single point of configuration for

— Provisioning
— Alerting
— Performance monitoring
— Backup monitoring
— Reporting
— Automation
— Virtualization

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 DAS, NAS, and SAN
Clients

DAS
NAS SAN
Direct Attached Storage
Network Attached Storage Storage Area Network •Any application
•File serving application •Storage for application servers •General purpose server and OS
•Optimized server and OS •General purpose server and OS •Internal or external dedicated
•External DAS •Network components storage
•SAN storage •External shared storage

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 Distributed storage=increased management cost

Warehouse
Finance

UC434S G.00 – © Copyright 2013 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.
Direct Attached Storage (DAS)

hp ProLiant ML350
U ID
UID
Engineering

Sales
Ultra 3 SCSI Ultra 3 SCSI
Ultra 3 SCSI Ultra 3 SCSI
Ultra 3 SCSI Ultra 3 SCSI
Ultra 3 SCSI Ultra 3 SCSI
Ultra 3 SCSI Ultra 3 SCSI
Ultra 3 SCSI Ultra 3 SCSI
Ultra 3 SCSI Ultra 3 SCSI
Ultra 3 SCSI Ultra 3 SCSI
Ultra 3 SCSI Ultra 3 SCSI
Ultra 3 SCSI Ultra 3 SCSI
Ultra 3 SCSI Ultra 3 SCSI

hp StorageWorks MSA

hp StorageWorks MSA
Ultra 3 SCSI Ultra 3 SCSI
Ultra 3 SCSI Ultra 3 SCSI
Ultra 3 SCSI Ultra 3 SCSI

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 Network Attached Storage
Application Application
NAS Storage
server server

Windows clients Internal, SCSI or SAN

attached storage UNIX clients
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 Storage Area Network
Hosts

Dual redundant fabrics essentially double SAN A SAN B

the maximum size of a SAN

Any devices can realize double the
potential bandwidth if it is Storage

dual attached
capable of supporting an active-active dual
path Single
Attach
Single
Attach
Dual
Attach
Single

Low error rate 10-12 Host Tape Host

Attach
Host

Single
Attach
Storage

Fabric A

Multiple Independent fabrics

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 SAN Considerations
• Scalability of design – number of ports and future capability
• Storage capacity, efficiency and cost
• Availability:
—Fabric
—Systems
—Data
• Backup
• Business continuity
• Disaster planning and recovery
• Performance
• Inter-site replication
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 Comparing SAN and NAS
SAN NAS
• Open-systems servers • Server
• Network • Storage
infrastructure • Operating system
components • Application
• Value-added software SAN

NAS

SAN and NAS coexist in the enterprise

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 DAS versus NAS versus SAN
Direct Network Storage
Attached Attached Area
Storage Storage Network

Ethernet File I/O

Fibre
Block I/O
Channel

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 Comparison by purpose
  DAS NAS SAN
Any File serving Storage for application servers
Applications

Server and operating General purpose Optimized General purpose

systems
Internal or external dedicated External direct-attached External shared
Storage devices

Management Labor intensive Centralized Centralized

Workgroup or departmental Workgroup or departmental Small workgroup to enterprise data
Data centers centers
Network traffic Increased network performance Higher bandwidth
Performance

Distance None Limited distances Greater distances

Speed Bottlenecks Improved bottlenecks Greater speeds
Limited Limited Offers no-single-point-of-failure
High availability storage and data path protection

Low cost Affordable Higher cost, but greater benefits

Cost

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 Tiered Storage a ti on
m ig r
dat a
e d
as
l ic y-b
Po
Performance and cost

Tier 1
Online
3 months active data
mirroring, instant
Tier 2 recovery
Near-online
Tier 3 3 to 6 months active,
Reference Information. faster recovery,
Tier 4
Searchable, indexed infrequently accessed
Nearline
online archive data
1 year active, file
recovery, off-site
recovery
Scalability and availability
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 SAN Components
Switches
Fibre Channel switch
Create the fabric of the SAN
Enable scalability
Routers, bridges, and gateways
Enable device sharing, multi-protocol technologies, and fault
Multiprotocol Router
isolation
Extend the SAN over long distances
Storage devices
Can be integrated among multiple types
Can be configured as RAID or JBOD
Servers
Connect to the SAN with HBAs
Disk System
Can be of any variety Server
Cabling and connectors — Can be fiber optic or copper Cable
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 Host (initiator) – (originator)
Characteristics:
• OS flexibility within the SAN
• File system independence for SAN based LUNs
• Multiple Fibre Channel Host Bus Adaptors for
multi-fabric connection
• Local, stretch and geo-, multi-node cluster support
• Multi Path IO with option of load balancing

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 Disk array (target) – (responder)
Characteristics:
Multiple port connections for improved throughput and enhanced availability
Battery backed controller cache for protected ‘write-back’ caching
Up to 99.999% uptime with cache de-staging battery backup options
Virtualised storage management for ‘ease of use’ management
Remote, controller based, replication for
data integrity and disaster recovery
Snapshot and cloning capability
Fibre Channel internal architecture

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 Interconnect devices

Characteristics:
• Provide switching function and routing
• Fibre Channel to SCSI or IP routing
• Provide fabric services to nodes
• Enforce security within the fabric
• May be highly available
• Allow remote administration

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 Power on Sequence

1. Switch (let the switch fully boot or it may hold off Fabric Login attempts)
2. Storage Array (allow all disk array ports to log in to the fabric before you proceed)
3. Host (the host will log in to the fabric and then go to look for target devices)
3
2
1

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 Why Organizations Buy Storage

• Storage for Virtualizations

• Storage for Accelerations

• Storage for Backup

• Storage for Availability

• Storage for Archive

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 ‫چالش های خرید ‪SAN Storage‬‬
‫‪ -1‬استفاده موثر و بیش از ‪ 30‬درصد از فضای ذخیره ساز موجود‬
‫‪ - 2‬کاهش هزینه های مصرف برق و سیستم سرمایشی‬
‫‪ -3‬راه کارهای مناسب جهت استراتژی ‪DE duplication‬‬
‫‪ -4‬راه کار های مناسب جهت استراتژی ‪Thin – provisioning‬‬
‫‪ -5‬راه کار های مناسب جهت بهبود جریان ‪I/O‬‬
‫‪ -6‬کاهش وابستگی به سخت افزار در دیتا سنتر‬
‫‪ - 7‬چگونگی ذخیره سازی داده ها در هارد دیسک های متفاوت‬
‫‪ -8‬افزایش پیچیدگی در مدیریت ذخیره ساز ها‬
‫‪ - 9‬سرویس دهی ذخیره ساز با اطمینان و سرعت باال به برنامه های کاربردی در شرکت های تجاری‬
‫‪ - 10‬دستیابی مقرون به صرفه به یک تجارت پایدار و حفاظت از داده های سازمان‬
‫‪ - 11‬طراحی نادرست یک ذخیره ساز در محیط های بزرگ می تواند باعث آسیب شود‬
‫‪ -12‬به روز رسانی ‪Firmware‬‬
‫‪ -13‬تامین ذخیره ساز جدید‬
‫‪... -14‬‬
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 Important words of SAN Storage
• Data Protection
• Disaster Recovery
• Business Continuity
• RTO
• RPO
• IOPS
• Capacity
• Active – Active
• Active - Passive

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 The most important technologies used in SAN Storage

• DE duplication

• Compression

• Auto Tiering

• Snapshot

• Mirror

• Replication

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 Lab
activity
Module 1 Lab – Infrastructure
Documentation

32
3 © 2010 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
UC434S G.00 – © Copyright 2013 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.
Thank you

© Copyright 2013 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.