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Module-3 Aircraft Hardware Materials Systems Processes: Basic Hand Tools Used in Aviation

Hand tools have been used since ancient times and have evolved significantly. Basic hand tools used in aviation include hammers, mallets, screwdrivers, pliers, scribes, punches, and wrenches. These tools are made of materials like steel, wood, plastic, and rubber. Pliers come in different shapes for various tasks like cutting, gripping, and combinations. Wrenches are also made in various sizes and shapes for gripping, turning, and fastening bolts and nuts. Seminar topics on metal cutting tools discuss hacksaws, files, chisels, drills, and other tools.

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Dinesh Chandran
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469 views10 pages

Module-3 Aircraft Hardware Materials Systems Processes: Basic Hand Tools Used in Aviation

Hand tools have been used since ancient times and have evolved significantly. Basic hand tools used in aviation include hammers, mallets, screwdrivers, pliers, scribes, punches, and wrenches. These tools are made of materials like steel, wood, plastic, and rubber. Pliers come in different shapes for various tasks like cutting, gripping, and combinations. Wrenches are also made in various sizes and shapes for gripping, turning, and fastening bolts and nuts. Seminar topics on metal cutting tools discuss hacksaws, files, chisels, drills, and other tools.

Uploaded by

Dinesh Chandran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module-3 Aircraft Hardware materials systems processes

Basic Hand Tools used in aviation:-

Hand tools

A tool held in the hand and operated without electricity or any other power.
or
A hand tool is any tool that is powered by hand rather than a motor. 

 Hand tools have been used by humans since the Stone Age when stones were used for hammering
and cutting.
 During the Bronze Age tools were made by casting the copper and tin alloys. Bronze tools were
sharper and harder than those made of stone.

 During the Iron Age iron replaced bronze, and tools became even stronger and more durable

 The Romans developed tools during this period which are similar to those being produced today.

 In the period since the industrial revolution, the manufacture of tools has transitioned from being
craftsman made to being factory produced.
Basic Hand Tools used in aviation:-
1. Hammers and Mallets:
Hammers are used for a wide range of driving, shaping, and breaking applications.
The modern hammer head is typically made of steel, and the handle is typically made of
wood or plastic.

Types:
2. Ball peen hammer or  mechanic's hammer.: related to metal working or Rounding
edges.

2. claw hammer : generally relates to wood working

Mallets: A mallet is a kind of hammer, often made of rubber or sometimes wood or


iron with copper faces and usually has a relatively large head. The heads of mallets can
be made of wood, plastic, hard rubber, rawhide, or other soft material.
Basic Hand Tools used in aviation:-
2. Screwdrivers:
Screwdrivers are designed for loosening or tightening screws.

use a screwdriver with care on the aircraft because the simple act of
slipping off the head of a screw can deeply scratch the aluminum or
magnesium skin, possibly resulting later in corrosion.

a common screwdriver must fill at least 75% of the screw slot

If screwdrivers with wood handles are available, those with plastic handles are
preferred because of their greater strength and lower cost.

Usually, the handle is ergonomic in order to improve comfort and grip. Its
swollen tang upgrades ergonomics. The handle material is very resistant to
hydrocarbons and oils. Its texture finish ensures firm grip even when greasy.

The shank is often made up of chrome plated with vanadium steel. It


undergoes a heat treatment which gives optimum hardness without making it
brittle.

Finally, the screwdriver tip is generally in a metal alloy which is very resistant
to torsion stresses.

It is categorized according to shape (screw head design), type of blade


(square, round & offset shank) and blade length (blade length, some common
lengths are 6, 8, and 10 inches )
Basic Hand Tools used in aviation:-

3. Pliers or wire cutters :


Pliers are made in various shapes and sizes and for
many uses. Some are used for gripping something round like a
pipe or rod, some are used for twisting wires, and others are
designed to be used for a combination of tasks including cutting
wire.
There are also tools that are used just for cutting wires (as opposed
to wire cable and rope). Use the correct pliers or wire cutters for
the job.

The materials used to make pliers consist mainly of steel 


alloys with additives such as vanadium or chromium, to
improve strength and prevent corrosion. The metal handles
of pliers are often fitted with grips of other materials to
ensure better handling; grips are usually insulated and
additionally protect against electric shock.
Basic Hand Tools used in aviation:-

Common types of pliers:


1. Cutting,
2. Gripping
3. Combination (Often called engineer's pliers, or, if insulated,
electrician's pliers,)

Within each of these categories may be encountered solid-joint and


slip-joint pliers.

3. Diagonal pliers (or diagonal cutting pliers or diagonal cutters


or side cutting pliers or dikes are pliers intended for the cutting
of wire (they are generally not used to grab or turn anything).

2. Needle-nose pliers:  suited for twisting and bending light to


medium wire

3. Lineman pliers: it is very useful for holding, bending, and cutting


thin materials or small wires.

Note: pliers range in size from 5 to 10 inches


Basic Hand Tools used in aviation:-

4. Scribes and Punches:

Scribes are hardened steel tools used to make shallow marks on


metal. They are usually long and thin with a gripping surface on the
body.
A scriber is a hand tool used in metal work to mark lines on
workpieces, prior to machining. The process of using a scriber is
called scribing and is just part of the process of marking out.

Punches are used to locate center's for drawing circles, start


holes for drilling, to punch holes in sheet metal, to remove
damaged rivets and bolts.
Basic Hand Tools used in aviation:-

5. Wrenches:
Screwdrivers are used to perform precise works. They drive small
fasteners (the screws) which cannot undergo excessive torques.
Spanners (also called wrenches) can deliver higher torques to their
fasteners (the bolts and nuts).
Bolt heads are always hexagonal.
Bolts and nuts are intended for fastening large pieces and for
withstanding high loads.

Wrenches are made in various shapes and sizes and


are used for gripping, fastening, turning, tightening and loosening
things like pipes, pipe fittings, nuts and bolts.

A wrench or spanner is a tool used to provide grip and 


mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn
objects—usually rotary fasteners, such as nuts and bolts—or
keep them from turning.
1. Open end
2. Box end
3. Socket
4. Adjustable
5. Special
Seminar topic:-

Types of Metal cutting tools:

1.Hand snips
2.Reamers
3.Hacksaws
4.Files
5.Chisels
6.Drills

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