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Mat Balance Diagram

An order for an adhesive solution containing 13% polymer by weight must be filled using available stock solutions of differing polymer concentrations. The required amounts of each stock that must be blended to create the ordered solution are calculated.

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Kause Murugaya
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246 views21 pages

Mat Balance Diagram

An order for an adhesive solution containing 13% polymer by weight must be filled using available stock solutions of differing polymer concentrations. The required amounts of each stock that must be blended to create the ordered solution are calculated.

Uploaded by

Kause Murugaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mixing

• A liquid adhesive consist of a polymer dissolved in a solvent.


The amount of polymer in the solution is important to the
application. An adhesive dealer receives an order for 3000
pounds of an adhesive solution containing 13% polymer by
weight. On hand is 500 lbs of 10% solution and very large
quantities of 20% solution and pure solvent. Calculate the
weight of each that must be blended together to fill the order.
Use all of the 10% solution
F2, 500 lbs
10 % (wt) polymer
F1
20 % (wt) polymer Product adhesive, P
3000 lbMixer
13 %(wt) polymer
F3, Pure Solvent
Required: weight of each that must be blended together
Mixing
• A lacquer plant must deliver 1000 lb of an 8% nitrocellulose
solution. They have stock a 5.5% solution. How much dry
nitrocellulose must be dissolved in the solution to fill the order
F2, dry nitrocellulose

F1
5.5 % (wt) solution Product Lacquer, P
1000 lbMixer
8 %(wt) nitrocellulose

Required: lbs dry nitrocellulose


Drying
• Sludge is wet solids that result from the processing in municipal
sewage systems. The sludge has to be dried before it can be
composted or otherwise handled. If a sludge containing 70%
water and 30% solids is passed through a drier, and the
resulting product contains 25% water, how much water is
evaporated per ton of sludge sent to the drier.
W, water
F
Wet sludge
70 % water dry sludge
30 % solid 25 % water
Dryer

Required: water removed per ton of wet sludge


• A cereal product containing 55% water is made at the rate of
500 kg/hr. You need to dry the product so that it contains only
30% water. How much water has to be evaporated per hour?
W, water
F, 500 kg/hr
Wet cereal
55 % water dry cereal
30 % water
Dryer

Required: water evaporated per hour


Evaporation
• A multiple stage evaporator concentrates a weak NaOH solution
from 3% to 18%, and processes 2 tons of solution per day. How
much product is made per day? How much water is evaporated
per day?
W, water

F, NaOH solution P
3 % (wt) NaOH conc NaOH solution
Multi-stage
2 tons/day 18 % (wt) NaOH
Evaporator

Required: wt product produced per day


wt water evaporated per day
Evaporation
• 1000 lb of solution containing 80% wt Na2SO4 must be obtained
by evaporating a dilute solution using a double effect
evaporator. If the evaporate from the 2nd effect evaporator is
60% of that coming from the 1st effect contain 1lb Na 2SO4/1lb
H2O. Calculate
• E1 and E2
• Lbs of Feed
• Components of Feed
E1, water E 2 = 0.6 E1 water

1000
lb solution
1 lb Na2SO4 /lb H2O 80 % (wt) F, Na2SO4 solution
Na2SO4

Evaporator Evaporator
C1 C2

Required:
• E1 and E2
• Lbs of Feed
• Components of Feed
Distilation
• 100 lb of mixture containing 20%wt of benzene (C6H6), 50%wt
toluene (C7H8), and xylene (C8H10) is to be separated into a
distillate containing among others 1%xylene and a bottom
product containing 1% benzene. Benzene recovery in the
distillate is 98%. Calculate the amount of D and B as well as the
percentage composition of both.
D, Distillate 1 % (wt) C8H10

F, 100 lb solution
20 % (wt) C6H6
50 % (wt) C7H8
C8H10 B, Bottom Product
1 % (wt) C6H6
C6H6 recovery in D is 98 %
Required: lb of D and B
% composition of B and D
Filtration
• 100 kg of a slurry of insoluble material containing 60%H 2O is
filtered per hour. If the final filter cake contain 25% H 2O, how
long will it take to obtain 300 gallons of filtrate
F, 100 kg/hr
slurry
60 % water Filter C
25 % water
L
filtrate, water
Required: time to obtain 300 gal of L
steps for solving material balance problems
• Read and understand the problem statement.
• Draw a sketch of the process and specify the system boundary.
• Place labels for unknown variables and values for known
variables on the sketch.
• Obtain any missing needed data.
• Choose a basis.
• Write down the equations to be solved.
• Solve the equations and calculate the quantities asked for.
Crystalization
• A chemist attempts to prepare some very pure crystals of borax
(sodium tetraborate, Na2B4O7 .10H2O) by dissolving 100g of
Na2B4O7 in 200g of boiling water. He then carefully cools the
solution slowly until some Na2B4O7 .10H2O crystallizes out.
Calculate the weight of Na2B4O7 .10H2O recovered in the
crystals per 100g of total initial solution(Na2B4O7 plus H2O), if
the residual solution at 550C after the crystals are removed
contains 12.4% Na2B4O7.
F, 100 g Na2B4O7
200 g H2O ML
Cooler
12.4 % (wt) Na2B4O7

C Na2B4O7.10H2O

Required: wt of Na2B4O7.10H2O per 100 g of F


Extraction
• Suppose that 100 L/min are drawn from a fermentation tank and passed
through an extraction tank in which the fermentation product (in the aqueous
phase) is mixed with an organic solvent, and then the aqueous phase is
separated from the organic phase. The concentration of the desired enzyme
(3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase) in the aqueous feed to the extraction is
10.2 g/L. The pure organic extraction solvent runs into the extraction tank at
a rate of 9.5 L/min. If the ratio of the enzyme in the exit product stream (the
organic phase) from the extraction tank to the concentration of the enzyme
in the exit waste stream (the aqueous phase) from the tank is D=18.5(g/L
organic)/(g/L aq), what is the fraction recovery of the enzyme and the
amount recovered per min? Assume negligible miscibility between the
aqueous and organic liquids in each other, and ignore any change in density
on removal or addition of enzyme to either stream.
S, Organic Solvent
9.5 L/min
F, 100 L/min
10.2 g enzyme/L sol’n

E , organic phase Extractor

R , aqueous phase

ratio of enzyme in exit product stream to the waste aqueous stream, D=18.5(g/L organic)/(g/L aq)
Assume negligible miscibility between the aqueous and organic liquids in each other, and ignore any change in density on removal or addition of enzyme to either
stream.

Required: fraction revovery of enzyme


amount recovered per min

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