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Lesson 1 - Angles and Their Measures

This document discusses angles and their measurement. It begins by defining trigonometry and its historical use in astronomy, navigation and surveying. It then describes how trigonometric functions came to be applied to physical phenomena involving rotation and vibration. The document goes on to define angles, their measurement in degrees and radians, and relationships between angles such as coterminal, complementary, and supplementary angles. Common angle measures are shown on a unit circle. Conversions between degrees and radians are also covered.

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Ana Marie Valenzuela
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568 views42 pages

Lesson 1 - Angles and Their Measures

This document discusses angles and their measurement. It begins by defining trigonometry and its historical use in astronomy, navigation and surveying. It then describes how trigonometric functions came to be applied to physical phenomena involving rotation and vibration. The document goes on to define angles, their measurement in degrees and radians, and relationships between angles such as coterminal, complementary, and supplementary angles. Common angle measures are shown on a unit circle. Conversions between degrees and radians are also covered.

Uploaded by

Ana Marie Valenzuela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Angles and their

Measures
Lesson
 As derived from the Greek Language, the
word trigonometry means “measurement of
triangles.”

 Initially, trigonometry dealt with relationships


among the sides and angles of triangles and
was used in the development of astronomy,
navigation, and surveying.
 With the development of Calculus and the
physical sciences in the 17th Century, a different
perspective arose – one that viewed the classic
trigonometric relationships as functions with the
set of real numbers as their domain.

 Consequently the applications expanded to


include physical phenomena involving rotations
and vibrations, including sound waves, light rays,
planetary orbits, vibrating strings, pendulums,
and orbits of atomic particles.
 We will explore both perspectives beginning
with angles and their measures…..

 An angle is determined by rotating a ray


about its endpoint.

 The starting position of called the initial


side. The ending position is called the
terminal side.
Standard Position
Vertex is at the origin, and the initial side is on the x-axis.

90 

de
II al Si I
in
erm
T

180  0  , 360 
Initial Side

III IV

270 
 Positive Angles are generated by
counterclockwise rotation.

 Negative Angles are generated by clockwise


rotation.

 Let’s take a look at how negative angles are


labeled on the coordinate graph.
Negative Angles
Go in a Clockwise rotation
 270 

 180  0  ,  360 
 45 

 90 
Coterminal Angles
 Angles that have the same initial and terminal
side. See the examples below.
Coterminal Angles
They have the same initial and terminal sides.

Determine 2 coterminal angles, one


positive and one negative for a 60
degree angle.

60 

60 + 360 = 420 degrees

60 – 360 = -300 degrees


Give 2 coterminal angles.

30

30 + 360 = 390 degrees

30 – 360 = -330 degrees


Give a coterminal angle, one
positive and one negative.

230

230 + 360 = 590 degrees

230 – 360 = -130 degrees


Give a coterminal angle, one
positive and one negative.

20

-20 + 360 = 340 degrees

-20 – 360 = -380 degrees


Give a coterminal angle, one
positive and one negative.

460 

Good but
460 + 360 = 820 degrees not best
answer.

460 – 360 = 100 degrees


100 – 360 = -260 degrees
Complementary Angles
Sum of the angles is 90

Find the complement of each angles:

40 120
40 + x = 90 No Complement!

x = 50 degrees
Supplementary Angles
Sum of the angles is 180

Find the supplement of each angles:

40 120
40 + x = 180 120 + x = 180

x = 140 degrees x = 60 degrees


Angle  360
Coterminal Angles:

To find a Complementary Angle: 90  Angle

To find a Supplementary Angle: 180  Angle


Radian Measure
 One radian is the measure of the central
angle,  , that intercepts an arc, s, that is
equal in length to the radius r of the circle.

 C  2 r
C 2r

2 2
C
r
2

 So…1 revolution is equal to 2π radians


2 radians  360 

 radians  180 
Let’s take a
 look at them
radians  90  placed on the
2 unit circle.
Radians

Now, let’s add more…..


1.57 rad 

Radians 1  
 
2 2 
3 
radians radians
4 4
 

4 2

 3.14 rad   6.28 rad 

5 7
radians radians
4 4

 4.71 rad 
More Common Angles
Let’s take a look at more common angles that
are found in the unit circle.
Radians
3 
radians radians
4 4

 3.14 rad   6.28 rad 

5 7
radians radians
4 4
Radians
3 
radians radians
4 4

 3.14 rad   6.28 rad 

5 7
radians radians
4 4
Look at the Quadrants
Determine the Quadrant of the
terminal side of each given angle.


Q1
3
7
12
2
 Go a little more than one quadrant – negative. Q3
3
371 A little more than one revolution. Q1
Determine the Quadrant of the
terminal side of each given angle.

14
5
156 Q3

9
8
240 Q2

1000 2 Rev + 280 degrees. Q4


Coterminal Angles using
Radians
Find a coterminal angle.

There are an infinite number of coterminal angles!


Give a coterminal angle, one
positive and one negative.

13
4
Give a coterminal angle, one
positive and one negative.


5
Find the complement of each
angles:

2
5
Find the supplement of each
angles:

2
5
Find the complement &
supplement of each angles, if
possible:

2
3
None
Angle  2
Coterminal Angles:


To find a Complementary Angle:  Angle
2

To find a Supplementary Angle:   Angle

RECAP
Conversions


1 

radians
180

180 
1 radian 

 135 3
135 x

 
180 180 4

NOTE: The answer is in radians!


 270 3
 270 x

 
180 180 2
9 180
x  810 

2 
Convert 2 radians to degrees

180 360
2x   114 .59 

 
Arc Length
 The relationship between arc length, radius,
and central angle is

Arc Length = (radius) (angle)


1st Change 240 degrees into radians.

 240 4
240 x

  radians
180 180 3

 4 
s  4 
 3 
16
s or 16.76 inches
3

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