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RES 511-Lecture

The document provides guidelines for structuring a research paper, including sections for the title, abstract, introduction, literature review, problem statement, objectives, hypotheses, significance, scope and limitations, conceptual framework, definitions of terms, methodology, results and discussion, and summary, conclusions and recommendations. It describes the key elements that should be included in each section to clearly communicate the purpose and findings of the research.

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Abdifatah mohamed
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105 views19 pages

RES 511-Lecture

The document provides guidelines for structuring a research paper, including sections for the title, abstract, introduction, literature review, problem statement, objectives, hypotheses, significance, scope and limitations, conceptual framework, definitions of terms, methodology, results and discussion, and summary, conclusions and recommendations. It describes the key elements that should be included in each section to clearly communicate the purpose and findings of the research.

Uploaded by

Abdifatah mohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TITLE

• The title of the research paper should clearly


identify the content and the subject matter of
the report.
• The author would do well to remember one
salient fact.
• All words in the title should be chosen with
great care, and their association with one
another must be carefully managed.
ABSTRACT
• Framework of the report
• Summary of the information in a document.
• It should not exceed 250 words
• (a) state the principal objectives and scope of
the investigation
• (b) describe the methodology employed
• (c) summarize the results
• (d) state the principal conclusions.
I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction
• Includes the discussion and history of the topic
under consideration
• it introduces to your reader the “problem” by
providing a brief background of your research
• A specific issue to study.
• Include the basic reasons how and why you came-
up with the problem.
• the probable solution that you can offer.
Review of Related Literature

• Locating summaries, books, journals, publications


and on-line references concerning the research
problem
• Try to find a topic that has been researched so you
can build on the previous researcher’s findings.
• Research materials are from credible sources.
• The literature review typically includes the names
of the authors, the titles of their works and the
year of the publication of these works.
Statement of the Problem

• There should be an introductory statement which


reflects the main problem of the study.
• Sub-problem should include all the independent and
dependent variables which are reflected in the
framework .
• Sub-problems should be arranged in logical order and
extensive in coverage and must be mutually exclusive
in its dimension.
General Objectives
Specific Objectives
Hypothesis of the Study

• Your prediction as to the outcome of the


findings in the study. This must be a
statement not a question.
• It is a proposition which the researcher asserts
based on his own intuition, experience, studies
and observations but which is not scientifically
proven, it is adopted as a premise to the
solution of the problem envisioned in the
study.
Significance of the Study

• Explain how the study could cause changes or contribute to


knowledge in the community.
• This could be in the form of new knowledge in the field, a check
on the major findings of other studies, a check on the validity of
findings in a different population, a check on other researcher’s
findings using different methodology.
• It discusses the importance of the study to the society, the
country, the government, the community, the institution, the
agency concerned, the curriculum planners and developers and
to the researchers.
• It expounds on the study’s probable impact to education, science,
technology, on-going researches, etc.
Scope and Limitation of the Study

• Tell about the parameters of the study


• Explains the nature, coverage, and the subject
area of investigation.
• Reason for limitation.
Conceptual Framework
• This is the schematic diagram which shows the
variables included in the study.
• Arrows or lines should be properly placed and
connected between boxes to show the
relationship between the independent and
dependent variables.
• All independent and dependent variables
should be clearly discussed and explained how
these would influence the results of the study.
Definition of Terms

• Any terminology that a novice reader might


need to know in order to understand the
study.
• The terms should be arranged alphabetically
and the definitions should be stated in
complete sentences.
II. METHODOLOGY

• Research methodology is a way to systematically solve


the research problem. It may be understood as a
science of studying how research is done scientifically
• Research methodology is wider than that of research
methods.
• Research methodology does not only include research
methods but also consider the logic behind the
methods use in the context of the research study and
explain why they are using a particular method.
• Describe the research design.
Schedule of Activities
• This includes a brief description in chronological order of
each activity. The starting date and planned completion
date are indicated in year and month. Milestones or
targets are also clearly set. The use of a Gantt chart is
encouraged.

Methods of Collecting Data


• This describes the target population and the sample
frame.
• It specifies the sampling technique used and how the
sample size is determined.
Locale and time of the Study
• This discusses the place or setting of the study. It describes in brief
the place where and when the study was conducted. Only the
important features which have the bearing on the present study are
included.

Research Instruments
• This explains the specific type of research instrument used such as
questionnaire, checklist, structured interview, trial runs, and
standardized instrument.
• The establishment of validity and reliability should be explained and
only experts should be chosen to evaluate such instrument. Specific
and appropriate statistical test used should be given and the
computed values derived. Interpretation should be included in the
discussion.
• Data Analysis
• Budgetary Requirements
III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

• This is used to describe the various results and


findings. This section is where you will be
analyzing the data that you have obtained
from the methodological operation that you
have chosen. This section is where you will be
presenting the actual results of the analysis
that you have made based on your chosen
methodology.
IV. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations.

• This is where you will be discussing more of


the results of your research, its implications
on other fields as well as the possible
improvements that can be made in order to
further develop the concerns of your research.
This is also the section where you need to
present the importance of your study and how
it will be able to contribute to the field of
knowledge.
• Most people consider the conclusion part of a
report as a sub division of the Results and Findings
Section, but that is not correct, the conclusion part
of the report will describe the conclusions that
“you” feel are dominant, whereas, the results and
findings section normally refers to the findings and
results of the methodology section. The
importance of the conclusions is indicated by the
fact that they should be said three times: once in
the Abstract, again in the Introduction, and again
(in more details) in the discussion of Summary,
Conclusions and Recommendations..
• References
• Appendices
REFERENCES

Rush, E., McLennan, S., Obolonkin, V., Cooper, R., & Hamlin, M. (2015a). Beyond the randomised
controlled trial and BMI--evaluation of effectiveness of through-school nutrition and
physical activity programmes. Public Health Nutrition, 18(9), 1578–1581.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980014003322

Alred, G. J., Brusaw, C. T., & Oliu, W. E. (2009). The business writer’s handbook. New York, NY: St
Martin's Press.

Best, A. (2004). International history of the twentieth century. Retrieved from


http://www.netlibrary.com

Easton, B. (2008). Does poverty affect health? In K. Dew &


A. Matheson (Eds.), Understanding health inequalities in Aotearoa New Zealand (pp. 97-
106). Dunedin, New Zealand: Otago University Press.

Global warming. (2009, June 1). Retrieved June 4, 2009, from


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming

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