COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION PROCESSING (CSC134)

Chapter 1 :
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
 Learning Objectives
• After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
1. Define the term, computer, and describe the relationship
between data and information.
2. Describe the five components of a computer.
3. Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of
computers in each category
4. Describe the uses of computer in society.
5. Explain the parts of an information system: people,
procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet.
6. Discuss your future, careers and opportunities in
information technology.

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 A World of Computers
• Computers are everywhere : at work, at
school, and at home

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 Today’s Technology
• Because technology
changes, you must keep up
with the changes to remain
digitally literate
• Computer literacy, or
Digital literacy involves
having a current knowledge
and understanding of
computers, mobile devices,
the web, and related
technologies

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 Learning Objective #1
• After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
1. Define the term, computer, and describe the relationship
between data and information.
2. Describe the five components of a computer.
3. Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of
computers in each category
4. Describe the uses of computer in society.
5. Explain the parts of an information system: people,
procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet.
6. Discuss your future, careers and opportunities in
information technology.

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 What is a Computer?
• A computer is an electronic
Produces
device, operating under the information
(output)
control of instructions stored
in its own memory, that can
accept data, process the data
according to specified rules, Processing
produce results, and store the
results for future use.
• Information processing cycle
Collects
is the series of input, process, data
(input)
output, and storage activities.

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 What is a Computer?
• Computers process data into information.

Data is a collection of unprocessed items,

which can include text, numbers, images,
audio, and video.

Information conveys meaning and is useful to

people.

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What is a Computer?

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 Learning Objective #2
• After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
1. Define the term, computer, and describe the relationship
between data and information.
2. Describe the five components of a computer.
3. Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of
computers in each category
4. Describe the uses of computer in society.
5. Explain the parts of an information system: people,
procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet.
6. Discuss your future, careers and opportunities in
information technology.

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The Components of a Computer

Compute
Hardware Software
r

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 The Components of a Computer
• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and
mechanical components known as hardware
Input Device ●
● Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

Output Device ●
● Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people

Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are
System Unit
●
●

used to process data

Storage Device ●
● Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media

●
● Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information
Communications Device to and from one or more computers or mobile devices

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The Components of a Computer

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 Computer Software
• Software, also called a program, tells the
computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them
System Software
Operating system
Utility program
Application Software
General-purposed
Specialized
Apps

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 Computer Software
• Installing is the process
of setting up software
to work with the
computer, printer, and
other hardware.

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 Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
Advantages of Disadvantages of
Using Computers Using Computers
Health
Speed Risks

Violation of
Reliability Privacy

Public
Consistency
Safety

Impact on
Storage Labor Force

Communica Impact on
tions Environment

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Advantages of Using Computers
data, instructions, and information flow along electronic
Speed circuits in a computer at incredibly fast speeds.

Reliability dependable and reliable because they rarely break or fail.

produce the same results — consistently, generate error-

Consistency free results

store enormous amounts of data and make this data

Storage available for processing anytime it is needed.

computers can communicate with other computers, often

Communications wirelessly, and allow users to communicate with one
another.

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Disadvantages of Using Computers
not protected properly, individuals have found their privacy
Violation of Privacy violated and identities stolen.

computer users have fallen victim to crimes committed by

Public Safety dangerous strangers.

created an entire industry with hundreds of thousands of

Impact on Labor Force new jobs, the skills of millions of employees have been
replaced by computers.

prolonged or improper computer use can lead to health

Health Risks injuries or disorders - computer addiction and technology
overload.

computer manufacturing processes and computer waste are

Impact on Environment depleting natural resources and polluting the environment.

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 Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
• Green computing involves
reducing the electricity
consumed and environmental
waste generated when using
a computer
• Strategies include:
– Recycling
– Regulating manufacturing processes
– Extending the life of computers
– Immediately donating or properly
disposing of replaced computers

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 Networks and the Internet
• A network is a
collection of computers
and devices connected
together, often
wirelessly, via
communications
devices and
transmission media

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 Networks and the Internet
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks
that connects millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

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 Networks and the Internet
• People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:
Research and Access Information
Communicate

Shop Bank and Invest

Online Trading Entertainment

Download Videos Share Information

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 Networks and the Internet
• A social networking Web site encourages members
to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music,
and videos with other registered users

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 Learning Objective #3
• After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
1. Define the term, computer, and describe the relationship
between data and information.
2. Describe the five components of a computer.
3. Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of
computers in each category
4. Describe the uses of computer in society.
5. Explain the parts of an information system: people,
procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet.
6. Discuss your future, careers and opportunities in
information technology.

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Types of Computer

Supercompute Mainframe
rs computers

Midrange Personal
computers computers

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Types of Computers
Computer
Types
Embedded
Computers

Game Supercompute
Consoles rs

Mobile
Mainframe
Computers &
Mobile Devices Computers

Personal Midrange
Computers Computers
 Supercomputers
• A supercomputer is the
fastest, most powerful
computer
– Fastest supercomputers
are capable of
processing more than
one quadrillion
instructions in a single
second

• Page 25 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter

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• Figure 1-27
 Mainframe Computers
• A mainframe is a large,
expensive, powerful
computer that can
handle hundreds or
thousands of connected
users simultaneously
– occupy specially wired,
air-conditioned rooms
and capable of great
processing speeds and
data storage
• Page 25 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter
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• Figure 1-26
 Midrange Computers
• A midrange computers or
servers are computers with
processing capabilities less
powerful than a mainframe
computer yet more powerful
than a personal computer.
– controls access to the
hardware, software, and other
resources on a network
– provides a centralized storage
area for programs, data, and
information

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 Personal Computers
• A personal computer can perform all of
its input, processing, output, and storage
activities by itself.
• There are five types of personal
computers: desktops, laptops, tablets,
smartphones, and wearables.

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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Personal
Personal computer
computer you
you can
can carry
carry from
from place
place to
to place
place Computing
Computing device
device small
small enough
enough to
to hold
hold in
in your
your hand
hand

Examples include smart phones and PDAs, e-book readers, handheld computers, portable media players, and
Examples
Examples include
include notebook
notebook computers,
computers, laptop
laptop computers,
computers, netbooks,
netbooks, ultra-thins,
ultra-thins, and
and Tablet
Tablet PCs
PCs
Examples include smart phones and PDAs, e-book readers, handheld computers, portable media players, and
digital cameras
digital cameras

Mobile Mobile
Computer Device

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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Notebook computer

Tablet PC

Smart phones and PDAs

E-book reader

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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Handheld computer

Portable media player

Digital camera

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 Game Consoles
• A game console is a
mobile computing
device designed for
single-player or
multiplayer video
games

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 Embedded Computers
• An embedded computer is a special-purpose
computer that functions as a component in a larger
product.
Computer Devices
Consumer Home Automation Process Controllers
Automobiles and Office
Electronics Devices and Robotics
Machines
• Mobile and digital • Thermostats • Antilock brakes • Remote • Keyboards
telephones • Sprinkling systems • Engine control monitoring • Printers
• Digital televisions • Security modules systems • Faxes
• Cameras monitoring • Airbag controller • Power monitors • Copiers
• Video recorders systems • Cruise control • Machine
• DVD players and • Appliances controllers
recorders • Lights • Medical devices
• Answering
machines

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Embedded Computers

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Types of Computers

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 Learning Objective #4
• After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
1. Define the term, computer, and describe the relationship
between data and information.
2. Describe the five components of a computer.
3. Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of
computers in each category
4. Describe the uses of computer in society.
5. Explain the parts of an information system: people,
procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet.
6. Discuss your future, careers and opportunities in
information technology.

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 Examples of Computer Usage

Home User Small Office/Home Mobile User

Personal Office User Connect to other
Look up computers on a
financial network or the
management information
Internet
Send and
Web access Transfer
receive e-mail information
Communicatio
messages Play video games
ns Make telephone Listen to music
Entertainment calls Watch movies

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 Examples of Computer Usage

Power User Enterprise User

Work with multimedia Communicate among
Use industry-specific employees
software Process high volumes of
transactions
Blog

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Computer Applications in Society

Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
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Computer Applications in Society

Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing
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 Learning Objective #5
• After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
1. Define the term, computer, and describe the relationship
between data and information.
2. Describe the five components of a computer.
3. Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of
computers in each category
4. Describe the uses of computer in society.
5. Explain the parts of an information system: people,
procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet.
6. Discuss your future, careers and opportunities in
information technology.

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Elements of an Information System

Hardware
includes keyboard, Software
mouse, display, system provides step-by step
unit, tablets, instructions for computer
smartphones, and other hardware.
devices.

Data People
consists of unprocessed are end users who use
facts including text, computers to make
numbers, images, and themselves more
sounds. productive
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 Elements of an Information
System

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 Learning Objective #6
• After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
1. Define the term, computer, and describe the relationship
between data and information.
2. Describe the five components of a computer.
3. Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of
computers in each category
4. Describe the uses of computer in society.
5. Explain the parts of an information system: people,
procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet.
6. Discuss your future, careers and opportunities in
information technology.

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 Careers in IT
Webmaster Develops and maintains websites and web resources
●
●

Software Engineer Analyzes users’ needs and creates application software

●
●

Computer Support
Provides technical support to customers and other users
●
●

Specialist

Computer Technician Repairs and install computer components and systems

●
●

Prepares instruction manuals, technical reports, and other scientific or

●

Technical Writer
●

technical documents

Network Administrator ●
Creates and maintains computer networks
 A Look to the Future
Using and Understanding Information Technology
browse the Web, communicate with others,
Internet & Web locate Information, etc.

create professional looking documents, analyze massive

Powerful Software amounts of data, create dynamic multimedia pages, and
more.

more powerful & robust, new technologies such as wireless

Powerful Hardware networks & their impact to connect, equipment can be
dynamic vs. essential features of devices remain unchanged

need to be careful of the negative potential

Security, Privacy & Ethics effect.

rely on quality and flexibility to stay competitive

Organizations

fast paced era and rapid change

Changing Times
 Chapter Summary

Basic computer Components

concepts of computers

Types of Uses of technology

applications in
computers society
 References
• Shelly, Gary B. and Misty E. Vermaat,
Discovering Computers - Fundamentals 2012:
Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World,
Course Technology, Cengage Learning, 2012
• O’Leary, Timothy and Linda O’Leary,
Computing Essentials 2014 – Complete Edition,
McGraw Hill, 2013

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