We know, it is okay to make

mistakes
We learn from mistakes
We try our best
We are a team
Believe in yourself
Chapter 1: Knowing Whole Numbers and
Number Theory

Lesson 1 natural numbers and whole numbers

Lesson 2 operations on whole numbers

Practice

Luke KATE

967897 addend982854
+ 794976 addend + 527696
1,762,873 sum 1,510,550
Practice

Luke KATE

8938271 minuend 8372918

- 5093872subtrahend - 6473291
3,844,399 difference 1,899,627
Practice

Luke KATE

5637 factors 6357

X 601 X 601
3,387,837 product 3,820,557
Practice

Luke KATE

2592 ÷ 12 2968 ÷ 14
dividend divisor

216 quotient 212

Natural numbers

1, 2, 3, 4…
 whole numbers

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5…

Hindu-Arabic numerals
We can write any whole number, provided we understand
the PLACE VALUE of each digit
 PLACE VALUE
123,546,978,023,598

KATE Luke
As we move from the ones column to the left, the value of
each column is increased ten times the value of the place to
 EXPANDED
NOTATION
1,278,457
(1x1,000,000) 1x10^6
(2x100, 000) (2x10^5)
(7x10, 000) (7x10^5)
(8x1,000) (7x10^5)
 Natural numbers
Counting numbers are called _____
All counting numbers together with
zero are called whole
_____numbers
The numerals we use today are called ___
Hindu-arabic
True or false: the value of a particular digit
is 10 times the value of the digit to its
right. true
True or false: the value of a digit in a
number depends on the place it occupies
in the place value chart.
true

True or false: numbers cannot be written

in exponential notation or in standard
form. false
Find the difference of the values of the
two 6s in 496 483 062

5,999,940
What is the product of the values of the
two 5s in 854,759?

2, 500, 000
What is the difference between the values
of the two 3s in 839, 435?

29,970
Rearrange the digits in 4, 314, 328 to get
the smallest number.

1,233,448
Rearrange the digits in 4, 314, 328 to get
the largest number.

8,443,321
Write 20, 070, 302 in words.

Twenty million seventy thousand three

hundred two
Write 20, 070, 302 in words.

Twenty million seventy thousand three

hundred two
Write the following in standard form.

700 000 + 70 000 + 700 + 70 + 7

770,777
Write the following in standard form.

(3x100 000)+(2x10 000)+(6x1 000)+(2x10)+5

326,025
Write the following in standard form.

55 hundreds and 16 ones

5,516
Write the following in standard form.

Forty million, three thousand, two hundred two

5,516
We know, it is okay to make
mistakes
We learn from mistakes
We try our best
We are a team
Believe in yourself
Write KIM if the statement is correct and
write MIK if it is incorrect.
1. Zero is the smallest whole number. KIM
2. 1 is less than every natural number. KIM
3. The smallest number that can be formed with all the 5 digits 3, 0,
4, 2, and 9 is 02 439 MIK
4. The smallest 3-digit number is 1 000. MIK
5. The largest 4-digit number using digits 4, 2, 7 and 3 that can be
formed is 7 423 MIK
6. There is no whole number between 20 and 21. KIM
7. There is no largest whole number. KIM
 Write each of the following in figures

1. 300, 000 + 2,000+ 20+5

2. Three million, six hundred, and fifty
thousand.
3. Eighty-eight million and eight thousand
4. 65 million and sixty-five.
 Properties of addition and multiplication
A. Commutative Property of Addition/Multiplication

13 + 5 = 18 5 + 13 = 18
5 + 13 = 13 + 5
3 x 4 = 12 4 x 3 = 12 3 x 4 = 4 x 3
*subtraction is not commutative.
 Properties of addition and multiplication
B. Associative Property of Addition/Multiplication
2+5+4=(2+5)+4
=7+4
= 11
2+5+4=2+(5+4) The order of grouping
= 2+9 numbers together in addition
= 11 does not affect the sum.
 Properties of addition and multiplication
B. Associative Property of Addition/Multiplication

Add 164, 212, and 436

 Properties of addition and multiplication
B. Associative Property of Addition/Multiplication
12x13x14
(2x3)x4=6x4=24
2x(3x4)=2x12=24
 Properties of addition and multiplication
B. Associative Property of Addition/Multiplication

Find the product of

9x25x4
 Properties of addition and multiplication
B. Associative Property of Addition/Multiplication

Find the value of

397 x 7 + 397 x 3
 Properties of addition and multiplication
B. Associative Property of Addition/Multiplication

Find the value of

1235 x 154 – 1235 x 54
 Properties of addition and multiplication
B. Associative Property of Addition/Multiplication

Find the value of

54 x 12 + 54 x 29
 Properties of addition and multiplication
B. Associative Property of Addition/Multiplication

Find the sum of 43, 159, 267,

38, and 31
 Properties of addition and multiplication
C. Additive Identity
0+8=8 and 8+0=8

34+0=34 and 0+34=34

When zero is added to any
whole number, the sum is
always the number itself.
 Properties of addition and multiplication
D. Multiplicative Identity
18x1=18 and 1x18=18
When we multiply any whole
number by 1, the product is
the whole number itself.
 Properties of addition and multiplication
E. Multiplicative Property of 0
15x0=0 and 0x15=0
Any whole number multiplied
by 0 gives the product of 0
 Properties of addition and multiplication
F. Distributive Property of Multiplication Over
Addition
Luke extended his working hours for 3 hours and 4 hours
respectively last week. He was paid 8 pesos every hour of extra
service. What is the total amount Luke received last week for
the extra hours he worked?
8x(3+4) = 8x7 = 56
(8x3) + (8x4) = 56
 Properties of addition and multiplication
F. Distributive Property of Multiplication Over
Subtraction
4 x (8-5)
 Properties of addition and multiplication
F. Distributive Property of Multiplication Over
Subtraction
538 x 8 + 538 x 2
538x(8+2)
 Properties of addition and multiplication
Find the value of each number represented by a or b.
1. 27 + 89 = 89 + a
2. A + 365 = 365 + 214
3. 35 + 78 + a = 15 + 78 + 35
4. 15 + b + 63 = 63 + 15 + 42
5. 785 x 0 = a
6. 49 x 66 + 49 x 34 = 49 x (a + b)
7. 346 x 1 = a
We know, it is okay to make
mistakes
We learn from mistakes
We try our best
We are a team
Believe in yourself
 Properties of addition and multiplication
A. Commutative Property of Addition/Multiplication

13 + 5 = 18 5 + 13 = 18
5 + 13 = 13 + 5
3 x 4 = 12 4 x 3 = 12 3 x 4 = 4 x 3
*subtraction is not commutative.
 Properties of addition and multiplication
B. Associative Property of Addition/Multiplication
2+5+4=(2+5)+4
=7+4
= 11
2+5+4=2+(5+4) The order of grouping
= 2+9 numbers together in addition
= 11 does not affect the sum.
 Properties of addition and multiplication
C. Additive Identity
0+8=8 and 8+0=8

34+0=34 and 0+34=34

When zero is added to any
whole number, the sum is
always the number itself.
 Properties of addition and multiplication
D. Multiplicative Identity
18x1=18 and 1x18=18
When we multiply any whole
number by 1, the product is
the whole number itself.
 Properties of addition and multiplication
E. Multiplicative Property of 0
15x0=0 and 0x15=0
Any whole number multiplied
by 0 gives the product of 0
 Properties of addition and multiplication
F. Distributive Property of Multiplication Over
Addition
Luke extended his working hours for 3 hours and 4 hours
respectively last week. He was paid 8 pesos every hour of extra
service. What is the total amount Luke received last week for
the extra hours he worked?
8x(3+4) = 8x7 = 56
(8x3) + (8x4) = 56
 Properties of addition and multiplication
F. Distributive Property of Multiplication Over
Subtraction
538 x 8 + 538 x 2
538x(8+2)
 Properties of addition and multiplication
What arithmetic property which applies in each case.

1. 312 x 768 = 768 x 312

a. Additive identity
b. Commutative property of
Multiplication
c. Commutative property of Addition
 Properties of addition and multiplication
What arithmetic property which applies in each case.

2. 12 x 0 = 0 0 x 12 = 0
a. Multiplicative identity
b. Multiplicative Property of 0
c. Additive Identity
 Properties of addition and multiplication
What arithmetic property which applies in each case.

3. (115 + 25) + 30 = 115 + )25 + 30)

a. Associative Property of Addition
b. Associative property of multiplication
c. Commutative property of Addition
 Properties of addition and multiplication
What arithmetic property which applies in each case.

4. 9 (31 -15) = 9 x 31 – 9 x 15
a. Distributive property of multiplication
over addition
b. Multiplicative Identity
c. Distributive property of multiplication
over subtraction
 Properties of addition and multiplication
What arithmetic property which applies in each case.

5. (21 + 5) 6 = 21 x 6 + 5 x 6
a. Distributive property of multiplication
over addition
b. Associative property of multiplication
c. Distributive property of multiplication
over subtraction
 Properties of addition and multiplication
What arithmetic property which applies in each case.

6. 0 + 9 = 9 9+0=9
a. Multiplicative identity
b. Multiplicative Property of 0
c. Additive Identity
 Properties of addition and multiplication
What arithmetic property which applies in each case.

7. 3 (14 x 21) = (14 x 21) x 3

a. Distributive property of multiplication
over addition
b. Associative property of multiplication
c. Distributive property of multiplication
over subtraction
 Properties of addition and multiplication
What arithmetic property which applies in each case.

8. 19 x 1 =19 1 x 19 = 19
a. Multiplicative identity
b. Multiplicative Property of 0
c. Additive Identity
Chapter 1: Knowing Whole Numbers and
Number Theory

LESSON 3 EXPONENTIAL NOTATION

 LESSON 3 EXPONENTIAL NOTATION

10 “ 10 squared 10x10 = 100

2

10 “ 10 cubed” 10x10x10 = 1000

3

“ 10 to the power
10 of four”
4
10x10x10x10
“ 10 to the fourth = 10,000
 LESSON 3 EXPONENTIAL NOTATION
Exponential Base Exponent Factor/Repeated Standard form
Notation/Power Multiplication

3 2
3 2 3x3 9
54
5 4 5x5x5x5 625
 Complete the table
Exponential Base Exponent Factor/Repeated Standard form
Notation/Power Multiplication

82
35
7 3
9 9x9x9x9
6 10x10x10
x10x10x
10
A natural number may also be expressed in
expanded form using exponential notation.
4 516 792
4 x 1 000 000 + 5 x 100 000 + 1 x 10 000 + 6 x 1 000 + 7 x 100
+ 9 x 10 + 2x1
4 x 106 + 5 x 105 + 1 x 104 + 6 x 103
+ 7 x 10 2 + 9 x 10 + 2
Express in expanded form using
exponential notation

4907
4 x 10 + 9 x 10 + 7
3 2
Express in expanded form using
exponential notation

82 538
8 x 10 + 2 x 10 + 5 x 10 + 3 x 10 + 8
4 3 2
Express in expanded form using
exponential notation

217 085
2 x 105 x 1 x 104 x 7 x 103 + 8 x 10 + 5
Express in expanded form using
exponential notation

9 046 370
9 x 106 + 4 x 104 + 6 x 103 + 3 x 102 + 7 x 10
Express in expanded form using
exponential notation

276 080 052

2 x 108 + 7 x 107 + 6 x 106 + 8 x 104 + 5 x 10 + 2
Remember:

In an exponential notation, the base is the

factor and the exponent indicates the number
of times the base is multiplied.
We know, it is okay to make
mistakes
We learn from mistakes
We try our best
We are a team
Believe in yourself
Chapter 1: Knowing Whole Numbers and
Number Theory

LESSON 4 ORDER OF OPERATIONS

 review
Exponential Base Exponent Factor/Repeated Standard form
Notation/Power Multiplication
10x10x10x
10x10x10x
10x10
 LESSON 4 ORDER OF OPERATIONS

An expression is a combination of numbers,

operation signs, and grouping symbols. Grouping
symbols show which operation should be done first.
Three commonly used grouping symbols are
PARENTHESES ( ),
BRACKETS [ ], and BRACES { }
 LESSON 4 ORDER OF OPERATIONS
When you simplify an expression, you first do all the
operations inside the Grouping symbols, Exponents,
Multiplication and or/ Division (from left to right),
Addition and/or Subtraction (from left to right). This
is called the GEMDAS rule.

(8x4+7)(8÷4x7)(8-4+7)(8 -4+7) 5
Grouping, Exponents, Multiplication/Division,
Addition/Subtraction
{4x[7+(9-5+2)]+2 } 3

{4x[7+(4+2) ]+2 } 3

[4x(7+6)+2 ]3

(4x13+2 )
3

52+2 3
52+8
=60
Grouping, Exponents, Multiplication/Division,
Addition/Subtraction
3 x(7-2)
2 2
Grouping, Exponents, Multiplication/Division,
Addition/Subtraction
9+4x3
Grouping, Exponents, Multiplication/Division,
Addition/Subtraction
25-5x4
Grouping, Exponents, Multiplication/Division,
Addition/Subtraction
9-6x0+11 2
Grouping, Exponents, Multiplication/Division,
Addition/Subtraction
9x(2+4) -3 2
Grouping, Exponents, Multiplication/Division,
Addition/Subtraction
11+6x(5-3) 2
Grouping, Exponents, Multiplication/Division,
Addition/Subtraction
64÷[(5-3+2) x4] 2
Grouping, Exponents, Multiplication/Division,
Addition/Subtraction
{2+[(6-1) x2]}x10 3
Grouping, Exponents, Multiplication/Division,
Addition/Subtraction
{3+[(13-4+3)÷4]} x2 2
 Grouping, Exponents, Multiplication/Division,
Addition/Subtraction
5x{13+[(2-1+90)x7]}÷10
Insert a pair of parenthesis in each of the following expressions to
make the resulting statements true. Be sure to follow the correct
order of operations.

12 – 7 – 2 =7
Insert a pair of parenthesis in each of the following expressions to
make the resulting statements true. Be sure to follow the correct
order of operations.

3 x 5 + 7 =36
Insert a pair of parenthesis in each of the following expressions to
make the resulting statements true. Be sure to follow the correct
order of operations.

50 ÷ 25 x 2 =1
Insert a pair of parenthesis in each of the following expressions to
make the resulting statements true. Be sure to follow the correct
order of operations.

4 x 6 – 3 x 5 =60
Insert a pair of parenthesis in each of the following expressions to
make the resulting statements true. Be sure to follow the correct
order of operations.

15 – 3 x 3 ÷ 3 + 3 =15
Insert a pair of parenthesis in each of the following expressions to
make the resulting statements true. Be sure to follow the correct
order of operations.

5 + 5 x 5 ÷ 5 =6
Insert a pair of parenthesis in each of the following expressions to
make the resulting statements true. Be sure to follow the correct
order of operations.

8 x 8 + 8 – 8 ÷ 8 =8
 Remember:
To find the value of a mathematical expression, we follow the
order of performing mathematical operations called the
GEMDAS rule.

G – Perform first the operation within the grouping symbols

(parentheses, brackets, and braces).
E – Simplify the expressions with exponents
M – Perform multiplication or division, from left to right,
D whichever operation comes first.
A – Lastly, perform addition or subtraction, from left to right,
S whichever operation comes first.
Short Quiz
Perform the following mathematical expressions.

(47 – 25) + (52 – 47) x 8

1000 ÷ [(150 + 50) ÷ 10 x (10 – 5)]
23 ÷ (2 + 5 - 4)2 + 5
100 x { 5 + [( 20 – 15 + 5) ÷ 2]} ÷ 75
2 2
Short Quiz
Perform the following
Insert a pair mathematical
of parenthesis in each ofexpressions.
the following expressions to
make the resulting statements true. Be sure to follow the correct
order of operations.

3x3÷3–3=0
8+2x3÷2=7
We know, it is okay to make mistakes
We learn from mistakes
We try our best
We are a team
Believe in yourself

Be honest
 Remember:
To find the value of a mathematical expression, we follow the
order of performing mathematical operations called the
GEMDAS rule.

G – Perform first the operation within the grouping symbols

(parentheses, brackets, and braces).
E – Simplify the expressions with exponents
M – Perform multiplication or division, from left to right,
D whichever operation comes first.
A – Lastly, perform addition or subtraction, from left to right,
S whichever operation comes first.
Chapter 1: Knowing Whole Numbers and
Number Theory

LESSON 6 FACTORS, MULTIPLES, PRIME

AND COMPOSITE NUMBERS, PRIME
FACTORS, & PRIME FACTORIZATION
Short Quiz
Perform the following mathematical expressions.

(47 – 25) + (52 – 47) x 8 62

1000 ÷ [(150 + 50) ÷ 10 x (10 – 5)] 10
22 ÷ (2 + 5 - 5)2 + 5 6
100 x { 5 + [( 20 – 15 + 5) ÷ 2]} ÷ 75
2 2 100
Short Quiz
Perform the following
Insert a pair mathematical
of parenthesis in each ofexpressions.
the following expressions to
make the resulting statements true. Be sure to follow the correct
order of operations.

3x3÷3–3=0
8+2x3÷2=7
 MULTIPLES OF A NUMBER
7 2

}
7X1=7 2X1=2 EVEN
2X2=4 NUMBERS
7 X 2 = 14
7 X 3 = 21 2X3=6
7 X 4 = 28 2X4=8
ODD
7, 14, 21, 28…
INFINITE1, 3, 5, 7,NUMBER
9…
 FACTORS
12 24
1 X 12 = 1 X 24= 24
2 X 12
6 = 12 2 X 12=24
3 X 4 = 12 3 X 8=24
4 X 6=24
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12FINITE 1,2,3,4,6,8,12 ,24
ACTIVITY
Write TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements.

7 is a factor of 28 F 6 is a factor of 246 T

9 is a factor of 81F 12 is a multiple 224F
9 is a multiple of 39F 2604 is a multiple of 8F
60 is a multiple of 15T
5 is a factor of 125 T
ACTIVITY
Perform
Write all the
the following
factors ofmathematical expressions.
each of the following numbers.

20 36

125
 Prime and composite numbers
A PRIME number has 1x3=3
only 2 factors…
1 and itself
What numbers can be multiplied
together to give me 3? 3x1=3
Write all the factors of each of the following numbers.

8
COMPOSIT
8x1=8 E NUMBER
2x4=8
Not a …has more
PRIME than 2
Write all the factors of each of the following numbers.

PRIME 2
NUMBER 2 x 1 = 2
2 is the only
even
PRIME
number
 FINDING PRIME NUMBERS
Erastosthenes, a Greek mathematician, developed a method of
finding prime numbers. This method is known as the Sieve of

Cross out all

Erastosthenes.

Encircl
Encircle
Cross out
Cross
Encircle
Cross
the
out
out
Encircle all
all
2 the
the
all
multiples of 2
multiples
the multiples
multiples of
3
of57
of 3
 Remembe
r 1 has only one factor, the number
• Number
itself, so it is neither prime nor composite
• No natural number is both prime and
composite
• 2 is the only even prime number. All other even
numbers are composite numbers.
 Prime
• Factorization
Every composite number can be factored into
prime numbers.
12 DIVISION
2x2x3 METHOD
2x6
2 x3
2
2x3
 Prime
• Factorization
Every composite number can be factored into
prime numbers.
36 Factor Tree
2x2x3x3
18 X 2
2 x3 9X2
2 2
3x3
 Prime
• Factorization
Every composite number can be factored into
prime numbers.

Division method
 Activity
Write the prime factorization of each of the
following numbers. Write also its exponential
notation.
1. 56
2. 468
3. 2907
4. 9945
Chapter 1: Knowing Whole Numbers and
Number Theory

LESSON 7 DIVISIBILITY RULES