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Kaushik Mukherjee: Sanjay Gupta

The document discusses using finite element analysis and mechano-regulatory algorithms to investigate bone ingrowth on a porous coated implant. It describes developing a 3D microscale FE model of the implant-bone interface and applying physiological loading and boundary conditions to predict tissue differentiation and bone formation. The study aims to provide insights into peri-prosthetic bone formation and assess if predicted implant-bone displacements are realistic.

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Kaushik Mukherjee
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23 views24 pages

Kaushik Mukherjee: Sanjay Gupta

The document discusses using finite element analysis and mechano-regulatory algorithms to investigate bone ingrowth on a porous coated implant. It describes developing a 3D microscale FE model of the implant-bone interface and applying physiological loading and boundary conditions to predict tissue differentiation and bone formation. The study aims to provide insights into peri-prosthetic bone formation and assess if predicted implant-bone displacements are realistic.

Uploaded by

Kaushik Mukherjee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Investigations on Bone Ingrowth on a Porous Coated Implant

using Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis and


Mechano-regulatory Algorithm. 
Investigations on Bone Ingrowth on a Porous Coated Implant
using Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis and
Kaushik Mukherjee
Mechano-regulatory Algorithm. 

Sanjay Gupta

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

July 2014
Background

A variety of acetabular cup designs rely on biological fixation

2
Challenges and their Probable Solutions

Three-dimensional
Realistic physiological
arrangement
implant- of
the
bone
beads
relative displacement field
Physiological activity to be
considered for the analysis
FE
Realistic
Analysis
physiological
of cast-in beaded
bone
Implant
materialinproperties
a macroscale

Liu et al. (2008)

3
Challenges and their Probable Solutions

Three-dimensional arrangement of Reconstruction of the beads from


the beads the image and porosity

FE Analysis of cast-in beaded Microscale Model


Implant in a macroscale

Physiological activity to be Eight load-steps of a Full walking


considered for the analysis cycle

Realistic physiological implant- Mapping of displacement field


bone relative displacement field

Realistic physiological bone Mapping of bone material


material properties properties

4
Development of 3D microscale FE model of cast-in
beaded implant-bone interface

Bone

Granulation Tissue

Implant Bead

BHR acetabular Cross-section of 2nd bead, from left, Circle fitted


cup the Porocast bead as read by Matlab
Implant through the
points of the
Morrison (2006)
2nd bead
3-D microscale model of implant-bone
interface
Development of 3-D FE model based on CT-scan data
(Ghosh et al. 2013)

6
Bone material property distribution (Ghosh et al. 2013)

Cancellous bone

• Apparent density vs. CT- grey value (HU)


(linear calibration); ρ = 0.022 + 0.001038 HU

• Elastic modulus vs. apparent density


(power law); E = 2017.3ρ2.46; E in MPa,  in g·cm-3

An FE model of bone, where each bone


element is assigned individual material
properties, based on CT-grey value.

Cortical bone, E = 17 GPa

Dalstra and Huiskes (1995); Anderson et al. (2005) 7


Applied Loading Conditions

Applied loading conditions include eight phases of a normal walking cycle

• Hip-joint force

• Muscle force: 21 muscle forces

• Fixed constrains were applied at


the pubis and the sacroiliac joint

Dostal and Andrews (1981).; Dalstra and Huiskes (1995).;


Crowninshield and Brand (1981); Bergmann et al. (1990) 8
Submodelling
Technique

(a)

Cut-boundaries (nodal
displacements are transferred at
Acetabular
component
the cut-boundaries from full
model).

Ghosh et al. (2013); Ghosh and Gupta (2014)

9
Mapping of Displacement Field and Bone Material
Properties from Macroscale Model
Tissue differentiation algorithm:
Phenomenological model

Cell Proliferation
Cell Migration

Diffusion Constant (k): 0.1 mm3/day


(Lacroix et al. 2002)

Cell differentiation Mechanoregulatory Tissue Algorithm

Extracellular Matrix generation and tissue formation is not explicitly modelled.

(Lacroix and Prendergast 2002)


Mechanoregulatory Principle
Single Phase Material Representation of Tissue
Claes et al. (1999)

Hydrostatic Pressure
Predicted Tissue Type Principal Strain (%)
(MPa)

- >0.15
Fibrous Tissue >5 >-0.15
<-5 >-0.15

>15
Cartilage <-0.15
<-15
Immature Bone -15 to 15 ≤-0.15
Mature Bone - 5 to 5 -0.15 to 0.15
Calculation of Mechanical Properties

Iterative Update of Material Properties (Lacroix and Prendergast 2002):


    
E n1   max  E granulation    Etissue
  max  n   max n

Homogenisation Principle (Lacroix and Prendergast 2000):


1 n 9
En1,smoothed  
10 i n
Ei

Prepared by Kaushik Mukherjee


Material properties assigned to the tissues

Tissue phenotype Young’s modulus (MPa) Poisson’s Ratio

Granulation tissue 1 0.167

Fibrous tissue  2 0.167

Cartilage 10 0.167

Immature bone 1000 0.3

Mature bone 6000 0.3


Results: Microscale Simulation of Bone
Ingrowth around Uncemented Implant

Implant-Bone Relative Displacement

Tissue Differentiation around the Acetabular Prosthesis after


Attainment of Equilibrium
FE Predicted Implant-bone Relative
Displacement: Realistic or Not ???

Experimental set up Equivalent FE Model

R.Ghosh, Ph.D. Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur


16
FE Predicted Implant-bone Relative
Displacement: Realistic or Not ???

Anterior-posterior direction (LDS 1)

R.Ghosh, Ph.D. Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 17


FE Predicted Implant-bone Relative
Displacement: Realistic or Not ???

Superior-inferior direction (LDS 2)

R.Ghosh, Ph.D. Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 18


FE Predicted Implant-bone Relative
Displacement: Realistic or Not ???

Medial-lateral direction (LDS 3)

R.Ghosh, Ph.D. Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 19


Results: Realistic or Not ???
• Average Young’s modulus and, thereby, the stiffness of the tissue layer
showed a steady progressive increase almost following the characteristic S-
shape (Richardson et al. 1994, Isaksson et al. 2006).

• Clinical Studies:

• Hanzlik & Day (2013):


• Titanium Acetabular Shell: 46±20%

• Bloebaum et al. (1997):


• Cancellous Structured Titanium: 84±9%

• Engh et al. (1993):


• Porous Coated Acetabular Implant: 33%

• Increase in implant-bone relative displacement promotes fibrous


tissue formation and weak implant-bone interface (Haddad et al.
1987, Jasty et al. 1991, 1997, EnghTime
et al.(days)
1987, Bragdon et al. 2004 )

20
Conclusions

 The 3D FE microscale model of implant-bone interface is useful to gain an


insight in the peri-prosthetic bone formation.

 A novel methodology is developed to transfer the macroscale implant-bone


relative displacement field to a 3D FE microscale model in order to apply
physiological boundary condition to predict peri-prosthetic bone ingrowth.

 Both debonded and bonded interface conditions predicted reduction in bone


formation with an increase in implant-bone relative displacement. However,
percentage of bone ingrowth predicted by debonded interface models were
slightly higher compared to bonded interface models.

 The bonded interface models, being less computationally expensive, seem to


be very useful in multiscale analysis of peri-prosthetic bone ingrowth.

21
Future Applications of this Methodology

This methodology can be used to predict:

• Time-dependent bone formation across polar gap.

• Time-dependent localised bone ingrowth around any implant-bone interface.

• Time-dependent Spatial bone ingrowth around any implant-bone interface:


interpolated from a number of localised bone ingrowth.

22
Acknowledgements

o Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

o University of Southampton, UK.

o UKIERI British Council

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