The document discusses codes and standards for the design, construction, and inspection of pressure vessels and heat exchangers, including the history and organization of codes like the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. It provides examples of how vessels are classified based on factors like design pressure, volume, and intended use. The document also compares various national codes and notes that while explosions are now rare, proper design, maintenance, inspection, and operation are needed to ensure safety.
The document discusses codes and standards for the design, construction, and inspection of pressure vessels and heat exchangers, including the history and organization of codes like the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. It provides examples of how vessels are classified based on factors like design pressure, volume, and intended use. The document also compares various national codes and notes that while explosions are now rare, proper design, maintenance, inspection, and operation are needed to ensure safety.
The document discusses codes and standards for the design, construction, and inspection of pressure vessels and heat exchangers, including the history and organization of codes like the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. It provides examples of how vessels are classified based on factors like design pressure, volume, and intended use. The document also compares various national codes and notes that while explosions are now rare, proper design, maintenance, inspection, and operation are needed to ensure safety.
The document discusses codes and standards for the design, construction, and inspection of pressure vessels and heat exchangers, including the history and organization of codes like the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. It provides examples of how vessels are classified based on factors like design pressure, volume, and intended use. The document also compares various national codes and notes that while explosions are now rare, proper design, maintenance, inspection, and operation are needed to ensure safety.
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 23
CODES FOR VESSELS/HEAT
EXCHANGERS
Avinash Nayak. (46)
Shrikantkumar Padhy (47) Jitendra Patil (48) Manoj Patil (49) Ganeshprasad Pavaskar (51) History of pressure vessel codes • Boiler explosion on March 20, 1905 in Brockton, Massachusetts. • 58 killed and 117 injured. • Need of legislative rules and regulation for construction of boilers. • The first Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code was published in 1915. • Necessary changes made and new sections added as need arose. What is a Code? • A code is a standard that has been adopted by one or more governmental bodies and has the force of law, or when it has been incorporated into a business contract. • Codes specify requirements of design, fabrication, inspection and testing of pressure vessels. • Number of national codes have been developed for pressure vessels by different countries. • In India, the code for pressure vessels is IS-2825 WHAT ARE ASME CODES? • It is a standard that provides rules for the design, fabrication, and inspection of boilers and pressure. • This establishes and maintains design, construction and inspection standards providing for maximum protection of life and property. ASME Codes - Manufacturer • A manufacturer obtains permission to use one of the stamps through the ASME conformity assessment process.
• The manufacturer’s quality control system is reviewed by
an ASME team.
• If it meets ASME requirements and the manufacturer
successfully demonstrates implementation of the program, the manufacturer is accredited by ASME.
• The manufacturer then may certify the product as meeting
ASME standards and apply the stamp to the product. Why follow ASME codes? • Excessive elastic deformation including elastic instability • Excessive plastic deformation • Brittle fracture • Stress rupture or creep deformation (inelastic) • Plastic instability and incremental collapse • High strain and low cycle fatigue • Stress corrosion • Corrosion fatigue ASME Codes - User • ASME Publications Catalog, • The ANSI Catalog of American National Standards, • the US government’s OSHA General Industry Standards, • contact a standards organization directly. • http://www.asme.org/catalog ASME Codes – User • Insurance
• Replacement
• Proper Compliance - Size specific - Jurisdiction
• Proper ASME stamps
The organization of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code is as follows: 1. Section I: Power Boilers 2. Section II: Material Specification: i. Ferrous Material Specifications – Part A ii. Non-ferrous Material Specifications – Part B iii. Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals – Part C iv. Properties – Part D 3. Section III Subsection NCA: General Requirements for Division 1 and Division 2 i. Section III Division 1: a. Subsection NA: General Requirements b. Subsection NB: Class 1 Components • Subsection NC: Class 2 Components d. Subsection ND: Class 3 Components e. Subsection NE: Class MC Components f. Subsection NF: Component Supports g. Subsection NG: Core Support Structures h. Appendices: Code Case N-47 Class 1: Components in Elevated Temperature Service • Section III, Division 2: Codes for Concrete Reactor Vessel and Containment • Section IV: Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers • Section V: Nondestructive Examinations • Section VI: Recommended Rules for the Care and Operation of Heating Boilers • Section VII: Recommended Guidelines for Care of Power Boilers • Section VIII i. Division 1: Pressure Vessels – Rules for Construction ii. Division 2: Pressure Vessels – Alternative Rules • Section IX: Welding and Brazing Qualifications • Section X: Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels • Section XI: Rules for In-Service Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components Stamps Nomenclature Example • A heat exchanger qualifies as a UM stamped pressure vessel if: - Design pressure < 15psig - Internal volume < 1.5 cubic ft. for 150<P<600 psig - Internal volume < 5 cubic ft. for design P upto 250 psig Example • A heat exchanger qualifies as a U stamped pressure vessel if: - Design pressure > 600 psig - Internal volume > 1.5 cubic ft. for 150<P<600 psig - Internal volume > 5 cubic ft. for design P upto 250 psig Comparison of pressure vessels Item IS-2825 ASME Code BS-5500 AD- Section VIII Merkblatter Scope •Unfired fusion •Welded, riveted, • Unfired fusion •Do/Di < 1.7 welded pressure forged and brazed welded pressure •Vessels and vessels vessels vessels vessel parts •Pressure < 20 •Water capacity>120 •Medium and predominantly N/mm2 gal high pressure under static •Do/Di < 1.5 •Operating pressure > storage vessels load. •Di > 150 mm 15 psi •Excludes •Water capacity > •Di>6” transportable 50 litres vessels.
materials •Carbon and low •Same as IS-2825 •Carbon, ferritic All metallic alloy steels, high •Cast iron, lined alloy(low and materials and alloy steel, Cu and material cast iron, high) and graphite, glass. Cu alloys, Al and ferritic steel austenitic steels alloys, bolting and casting alloys Comparison of pressure vessels Item IS-2825 ASME Code BS-5500 AD- Section VIII Merkblatter Design Maximum working Maximum Maximum Based on pressure pressure including pressure at most pressure at permissible static head + 5% severe conditions most severe service pressure maximum working conditions pressure. Design Highest metal Actual metal Actual metal Highest wall tempera temperature temperature temperature temperature -ture expected under expected under expected expected under operating conditions operating under working conditions operating conditions conditions + margin for uncertainties Comparion of pressure vessels National code U.T.S Yield strength Sr(rupture Creep stress stress) ASME: VIII 4 1.6 - 1 Div: 1 ASME: VIII 3 1.5 - - Div-2 BS-1515 4 - - - BS-1515 2.5 1.5 1.5 1 Part II BS-5500 2.35 1.5 1.3 1 ANCC - 1.5 1.5 - IS-2825 3 1.5 1.5 1 Explosions • In spite of some of the most rigorous, well- conceived safety rules and procedures ever put together, boiler and pressure vessel accidents continue to occur. • In 1980, for example, the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors reported: - 1972 boiler and pressure vessel accidents, 108 injuries and 22 deaths. • The pressure vessel explosions are of course rare nowadays and are often caused by incorrect operation or poorly monitored corrosion. • Safety in boiler and pressure vessels can be achieved by:
