Scribd
Upload
43 views13 pages

Lecture-05 Appllication of Derivatives and Maxima-Minima

The document provides examples and explanations for solving related rates problems, finding maxima and minima of functions, and applying maxima and minima concepts. It discusses strategies for related rates problems such as drawing a picture, writing equations, and differentiating. It also defines critical points, and explains how to use the first and second derivative tests to determine relative extrema. An example shows finding the absolute maxima and minima of a function over an interval. Finally, an application example demonstrates using maxima and minima to optimize a cost function.

Uploaded by

Abidur Rahman Zidan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
43 views13 pages

Lecture-05 Appllication of Derivatives and Maxima-Minima

The document provides examples and explanations for solving related rates problems, finding maxima and minima of functions, and applying maxima and minima concepts. It discusses strategies for related rates problems such as drawing a picture, writing equations, and differentiating. It also defines critical points, and explains how to use the first and second derivative tests to determine relative extrema. An example shows finding the absolute maxima and minima of a function over an interval. Finally, an application example demonstrates using maxima and minima to optimize a cost function.

Uploaded by

Abidur Rahman Zidan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

OUTLINES

 Application of Derivatives
 Maxima-Minima.
 Application of Maxima-Minima.
Derivatives → Rate of Change

Strategy for Solving Related Rate Problem:

1. Draw a picture and name the variables and constants.

2. Write down the numerical information

3. Write down what you are asked to find.

4. Write a equation related to the variables.

5. Differentiable w.r.to t (time).

6.Evaluate.
Example-2 (Calculus – Anton, Page-207)
Assume that oil spilled from a ruptured tanker spreads in a circular pattern
whose radius increases at a constant rate of 2 ft/s. How fast is the area of the
spill increasing when the radius of the spill is 60 ft?

Solution:
Let, t = elapsed time (in sec.)
r = radius of the spill after t sec. (in ft.)
A = area of the spill after t sec. (in sq. ft)

dr
Given ,  2 ft/s.
dt
Asked to find, the rate of increasing to the area A
at the instant time t when r =60.

dA
i.e. ?
dt r 60

We know , A  r 2 ………………….(1)
dA dr
Diff. (1) w. r. to t,  2 r ………………….(2)
dt dt
dA
When r = 60,  2 (60) ( 2)  240  ft 2 /s.  754 ft 2 /s.
dt r 60

Example-1 (Calculus – Thomas, Page-172)

How rapidly will the fluid level inside vertical cylindrical tank with radius 1 m.
drop if we pump the fluid out at the rate of 3000 Lt./min ?

Solution:

Let, t = time (in min.)


h = height of water level at time t (in m.)
V = volume of water.

dV
Given,  3000 , r  1 m.
dt
dh
Asked, ?
dt

We know, V   (1) 2 h m3

 V  1000  h Lt. ………………….(1)

[Since, 1 m3= 1000 Lt.]

Diff. (1) w. r. to t,
dV dh
 1000 
dt dt
dh 3
    0.95 m/ min
dt 
MAXIMA-MINIMA f ’(c)= undefined

f ‘ (c)=0
CRITICAL POINT: Definition

An interior point c of the domain of a function


f is called critical point if either
i. f ’(c)=0
ii. f ’(c)= undefined.

critical points
# Find all critical point of the following function.
f ( x )  x 3  3x  1
Solution:
 f ' ( x )  3x 2  3

To find the critical point, setting- f ' ( x)  0  x  1 and x  1


Local maxima Absolute maxima
Local minima

Local minima

Absolute minima
Finding Maximum and Minimum values:
# Find the absolute maxima and minima values of the function
f ( x )  x 3  3 x  1 on the interval [─2, 3]

Solution: Given f ( x )  x 3  3x  1  f ' ( x )  3x 2  3

To find the critical point, setting- f ' ( x )  0  x  1 and x  1

Critical points values: f (1)  1


f ( 1)  3

End points values: f ( 2)  1


f (3)  19

Therefore, the function has absolute maxima on [-2, 3] at x =3 and


absolute at x = 1 & -2.
SECOND DERIVATIVE TEST: (To find relative maxima and minima)

Suppose, f is twice differentiable at the point x0


(a) If f ’(x0) = 0 and f ’’(x0)> 0, then f has a relative minimum at x0.

(b) If f ’(x0) = 0 and f ’’(x0) < 0, then f has a relative maximum at x0.

(c) If f ’(x0) = 0 and f ’’(x0) = 0 , then the test is inconclusive.


# Find the relative extrema of the function
f ( x)  3x 5  5 x 3
Solution: We have
f ' ( x )  15 x 4  15 x 2

f '' ( x )  60 x 3  30 x  30 x( 2 x 2  1)

To find the critical/ stationary point, setting- f '( x )  0


 x  0 , x  1and x  1 are stationary points
''
STATIONARY
POINTS
f ( x) 2ND DERIVATIVE
TEST
x= ─1 ─30 f has a relative
maximum
x=0 0 inconclusive
x =1 30 f has a relative
minimum
APPLICATIONS OF MAXIMA –MINIMA

Plan A Plan B
Plan C (Using maxima and minima)

We have

The cost function of this model is

Our goal is to find the minimum value of c(y) on the interval [0, 20].
Setting f ’(x) =0, yields y = 11 and y = 29

Only y = 11 lies on the interval [0, 20]. So the value of c at y= 11 and end points are

The least expensive connection cost 10,800,000 dollar, and we achieve it by running
The line underwater to the point on shore 11 mi from the refinery.

You might also like