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"Gold Code Sequence Generation: Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering

This document presents information on gold code sequence generation for satellite communications and GPS. It discusses that gold codes are binary sequences used in telecommunications (CDMA) and GPS that have small cross-correlations, allowing multiple devices to broadcast in the same frequency range. The document outlines the steps to generate a set of gold codes from two maximum length sequences of length 2n-1 through exclusive-ors of the sequences in different phases, resulting in a set of 2n+1 gold code sequences. It also provides an overview of gold codes, including that they were invented by Robert Gold in 1967 and are commonly used in GPS and cell phones.

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100 views7 pages

"Gold Code Sequence Generation: Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering

This document presents information on gold code sequence generation for satellite communications and GPS. It discusses that gold codes are binary sequences used in telecommunications (CDMA) and GPS that have small cross-correlations, allowing multiple devices to broadcast in the same frequency range. The document outlines the steps to generate a set of gold codes from two maximum length sequences of length 2n-1 through exclusive-ors of the sequences in different phases, resulting in a set of 2n+1 gold code sequences. It also provides an overview of gold codes, including that they were invented by Robert Gold in 1967 and are commonly used in GPS and cell phones.

Uploaded by

tejus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

department of electronics and communication

“GOLD CODE SEQUENCE GENERATION”


FOR SATCOM& GPS(18EC5DEBSG)

PRESENTED BY BATCH NO 14 DATE: 07/12/2020 SLOT 3


PPT PREPARED BY
• VINUTHA S(1DS18EC455)
• THIRUMALESH S(1DS18EC451)

REPORT PREPARED BY
• RASHMI H D(1DS18EC437)
• PRAJWAL B(1DS18EC462)
INTRODUCTION
This article is about binary codes used in telecommunications (CDMA) and GPS.
For the authentication codes used to command a launch of nuclear weapons,
see Gold Codes.
A Gold code, also known as Gold sequence, is a type of binary sequence,
used in telecommunication (CDMA)  and satellite navigation (GPS). Gold codes
are named after Robert Gold. 
Gold codes have bounded small cross-correlations within a set, which is
useful when multiple devices are broadcasting in the same frequency range. A
set of Gold code sequences consists of 2n + 1 sequences each one with a period
of 2n − 1.
A set of Gold codes can be generated with the following
steps.
* Pick two maximum length sequences of the same length 2n − 1 such that their absolute 
cross-correlation is less than or equal to 2(n+2)/2, where n is the size of the 
linear feedback shift register used to generate the maximum length sequence (Gold '67).

* The set of the 2n − 1 exclusive-ors of the two sequences in their various phases (i.e.
translated into all relative positions) together with the two maximum length sequences form a set of
2n + 1 Gold code sequences.

* The highest absolute cross-correlation in this set of codes is 2(n+2)/2 + 1 for even n and 2(n+1)/2 +
1 for odd n.
Gold code overview
 Gold Codes are sequences of 0’s and 1’s
 Commonly used in communications systems
  Notably GPS and cell phones
  Invented by Dr. Robert Gold in 1967
  Easy to generate in hardware or software
 Have characteristics resembling random noise
  Minimally jam other Gold codes transmitted by other sources
 Mathematical Foundations

Gold codes based on


 *XOR
*Shift registers
XOR Review

  XOR of 2 inputs is TRUE if exactly one input is TRUE


  XOR of many inputs is TRUE if an ODD # of inputs are TRUE
  XOR is called a linear function
• Register

A register copies its input D to its output Q on each step

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