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Television Interference: Subhadip Sadhukhan MT20EEE014

Television interference (TVI) is caused by electromagnetic interference that disrupts television reception. Natural phenomena and man-made sources like spark discharges from power lines can generate interference. In the 1960s-1970s, the primary cause of TVI was identified as corona discharges from water droplets on power line conductors, especially during wet snow conditions. Different types of corona and sparking cause different visual interference patterns on television screens. The level of interference is calculated based on noise levels and bandwidths. Observations found that a signal-to-noise ratio above 40 dB is needed to avoid visible noise effects on television pictures.

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49 views11 pages

Television Interference: Subhadip Sadhukhan MT20EEE014

Television interference (TVI) is caused by electromagnetic interference that disrupts television reception. Natural phenomena and man-made sources like spark discharges from power lines can generate interference. In the 1960s-1970s, the primary cause of TVI was identified as corona discharges from water droplets on power line conductors, especially during wet snow conditions. Different types of corona and sparking cause different visual interference patterns on television screens. The level of interference is calculated based on noise levels and bandwidths. Observations found that a signal-to-noise ratio above 40 dB is needed to avoid visible noise effects on television pictures.

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subhadip sadhukhan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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TELEVISION

INTERFERENCE

SUBHADIP SADHUKHAN
MT20EEE014
CONTENTS SLIDE NO
 WHAT IS TELEVISION INTERFERENCE? 3

 CAUSES OF TELEVISION INTERFERENCE 4-7

 CALCULATION OF TVI 8

 SOME OBSERVATIONS 9

 REFERENCES 10
WHAT IS TELEVISION INTERFERENCE?
 Television Interference (TVI) is a particular case of electromagnetic interference
which affects television reception.

 Many natural and man-made phenomena including naturally occurring and artificial
spark discharges , and effects due to the operation of radio transmitters can disrupt
the reception of Television signals.
CAUSE OF TELEVISION INTERFERENCE:
 In late 1960’s and early1970’s , the primary cause of TVI was recognized as corona
discharges from water droplets on single and bundled conductors.
 Wet-Snow condition gave maximum TVI.
 The noise level was 3µV/m(9.54 dB) at 75 MHz in fair weather but increased to 30µV/m
(29.54 dB) in foul weather.

NOISE SOURCES OF AN EHVAC TRANSMISSION LINE

Ultra corona on thin Sparking from cracked


wires or sharp edges Corona on conductors insulators and small
and points gaps
• Ultra corona is a phenomenon that occurs at voltage gradients much in excess
of normal corona inception.
• Pulse type discharge commences during the negative half-cycle of power
frequency excitation. This is constant or almost of flat type nature which is
serious from TVI point of view.
• Positive pulse characteristics govern the type of disturbance to picture quality on the TV screen as it is
considered to yield impulsive noise.

• Negative corona gives a type of disturbance to the picture , known as “Snow”.

• Sparking from loose hardware where the insulators that might support light conductors gives rise to
streaks which cover only a portion of the screen.
TVI patterns Snow pattern
CALCULATION OF TVI :
•  TΔf + Δbw dB above 1µV/m
Where
Δf = The amount by which the radio-noise frequency spectrum decreases as
the frequency increases from 1 MHz to 83 MHz .
Δbw= Correction factor to account for the TVI being measured in a different
bandwidth from that of the RI.

For locations other than the standard reference, an additional factor to account for lateral
attenuation can be applied.
SOME OBSERVATIONS:
• G . W. Juette made some observations on behavior of TVI while working on an EHV
project –

1. When S/N ratio is 0 dB, about 50% of the screen has dense white bands from a single
phase noise source.
2. If the S/N ratio is 20 dB (more favorable), the band separates into black and white spots.
3. At S/N ratio more than 20 dB, the spots become smaller and show a larger separation.
4. At 30 dB S/N ratio, the separation is even more and main picture assumes more
brightness but is not yet clear.
5. At 40 dB, very few spots are visible and there is no snow. This appears to be the
threshold for noise nuisance.
6. At 50 dB, the picture is very clear and noise effect is not visible.
REFERENCES:

1. Extra high voltage AC transmission by Begamudre .

2. Transmission line reference book 345kV and above , EPRI .

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