The Writing Process

and Avoiding
Plagiarism
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 Lesson Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
• identify the thesis statement of a text;
• distinguish the parts of writing process; and
• document the sources properly using APA
citation method and referencing style.

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 Motivational Activity
What are your thoughts on writing? Try to look
back and think of all the writing assignments
that you did then answer the following
questions:

1. Do you find writing easy or difficult?

2. What makes it easy or difficult?

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 Motivational Activity

3. Do you follow a process when you write?

Describe your writing process.

4. If you follow a writing process, which step in

that process do you think is the hardest?

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TYPES OF WRITER

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The Diver

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The Great Planner

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The Architect

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The Patchwork Writer

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THE WRITING PROCESS

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• Some of you find it hard
to start writing.
• You do not have to write
something perfect on
your first attempt.
• If you try to do so, you
end up not writing at all.

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• Do not dismiss writing
and say it is not your
thing.
• Writing is a skill that
can be learned.
• You can learn how to
write through the
writing process.

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The Writing Process

Prewriting
While Writing

Post-writing
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 Pre-writing Process
Brainstorming

Freewriting

Clustering 14
Writing and rewriting
Developing your thesis
statement

Organizing your paper

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 Thesis Statement
• A good thesis statement tells the
readers the topic and the writer’s
attitude, opinion, idea, or point
about the topic
• Example: Owning a pet has several
important benefits.

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Owning a pet has several important
benefits.

Owning a pet (topic)

has several important benefits (writer’s
opinion)
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Steps in Writing a Thesis Statement
1. Write statements, not announcements
2. Avoid statements that are too broad
3. Avoid statements that are too narrow
4. Make sure statements develop only
one idea

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1. Write statements, not announcements
Are these announcements or statements?
• The subject of this paper will be my
parents.
• I want to talk about the crime wave in our
country.
• The baby boom generation is the concern
of this essay.
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A thesis statement must make a point about a limited subject

Effective thesis statements:

• My parents each struggled with personal
demons.
• The recent crime wave in our city has
several apparent causes.
• The baby boom generation has changed
the society in key ways.
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2. Avoid statements that are too broad
Are these thesis statements too broad
to be supported adequately?
• Disease has shaped human history.
• Insects are fascinating creatures.
• Men and women are very different.

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Thesis statement should be focused enough that
it can be supported in a 5-paragraph essay
Effective thesis statements:
• In the mid-1980’s, AIDS changed people’s
attitudes about dating.
• Strength, organization, and communication
make ants one of nature’s most successful
insects.

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Thesis statement should be focused enough that
it can be supported in a 5-paragraph essay
Effective thesis statement:
• Men and women are often treated very
differently in the workplace.

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3. Avoid statements that are too narrow
Example statements that are too narrow:
• The speed limit near my home is sixty
five miles per hour.
• A typhoon hit Compostela Valley last
2012.

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3. Avoid statements that are too narrow
Example statements that is too narrow:
• A person must be at least 35 years old
in order to be elected as the president
of the Philippines.

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A thesis statement must be broad enough to
require support in an essay
Effective thesis statement:
• The speed limit near my home should be
lowered to 55 miles per hour for several
reasons.

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A thesis statement must be broad enough to
require support in an essay
Effective thesis statements:
• The government officials made a number of
mistakes in their response to the victims of
typhoon in Compostela Valley.
• The requirement that the Philippine president
must be at least 35 years old is unfair and
unreasonable.

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4. Make sure statements develop only one idea
Example statement that contains more than one
idea:
• One of the most serious problems affecting
young people today is bullying , and it is time
more kids learn the value of helping others.

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4. Make sure statements develop only one idea
Example statements that contain more than one
idea:
• Studying with others has several benefits, but
it also has drawbacks and can be difficult to
schedule.
• Teachers have played an important role to my
life, but they were not as important as my
parents.

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Revised thesis statements:
• One of the most serious problems affecting
young people today is bullying.
• Studying with others has several benefits.
• Teachers have played an important role in
my life.
Remember: The point of an essay is to communicate
a single main idea. To be clear as possible, limit to
single key idea you want your readers to know.
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Organizing your Paper
• Support your thesis statement with
sufficient evidence, data and examples
• Organizing your ideas – finding and
establishing connections of one point to
another

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Organizing your Paper
• Introduction – provides background of
your topic
• Body – supports your main points,
includes details
• Conclusion – final point, synthesize your
main points, leaves a thought-provoking
idea
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Post – Writing Process

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 REVISING
EDITING
PROOFREADING
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 Editing Proofreading
Overall quality of writing Spelling, grammar,
improved punctuations and typing
mistakes eliminated
Language-used Correction of surface errors
enhanced (word & tone)

Expression cleared Consistent language and

formatting

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 Plagiarism
• Deliberate copying of somebody else’s
work and claiming that work to be
his/her own
• Using somebody else’s work or ideas
without proper acknowledgment or
citation
• Copying the text without paraphrasing it

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Word-for-Word (verbatim) Plagiarism
• Cut-and-paste plagiarism

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 Word order Plagiarism
• Happens when a writer changes some of
the words of another author to make the
work look as if it were his or her own

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 Idea Plagiarism
• Happens when a writer paraphrases a
work or includes it into his or her own
article without proper attribution

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WAYS TO AVOID PLAGIARISM

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 Paraphrasing
• One way to avoid plagiarism
• Rendering the essential ideas in a
text (sentence or paragraph) using
your own words
• Paraphrased materials are usually
shorter the original text
• More detailed than summary
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 Paraphrasing
Steps
• Understand the text
• Write your rendition of the text
without referring to the original text

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 Direct Quotation
• Directly quote the sentence and paragraph
• Must be identical to original text

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“Pain demands to be felt.”

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Referencing (APA format)
• APA – American Psychological
Association

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 Difference between Reference
List and Bibliography

Reference list – a list of sources

we have cited in our text arranged in the order
they appeared within the text. It is usually put
at the end of our work but it can also appear
as a footnote (at the bottom of the page), or
endnote (at the end of each chapter) which
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serves a similar purpose.
Bibliography – a separate list of
sources we have consulted but not
specifically cited in our work including
background reading. It is arranged
alphabetically by the author's surname.
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 GIF Sources
• https://www.google.com/search?q=jumping+diver+cartoon+gif&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwidlIWDwK3sAhVry4sBHQkLCL0Q2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=jumping+diver+cartoon+gif&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQA1CAuwFYqdIBYI7YAWgAcAB4AYABmAiIAa8rkgEPMC4xLjMu
MC4xLjAuMS4zmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&ei=UHuDX52sH-
uWr7wPiZag6As&bih=600&biw=1349&hl=en#imgrc=vwhUISLrE4rbSM
• https://www.google.com/search?q=the+thinker+gif&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiKqNOQwq3sAhVIbJQKHUaFBEAQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=the+thinker+gif&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyBggAEAcQHjIGCAAQBxAeMgYIABAHEB4yBggAEAUQHjoECAA
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Mtd2l6LWltZ8ABAQ&sclient=img&ei=hX2DX8rROMjY0QTGipKABA&bih=600&biw=1349&hl=en#imgrc=xT4blKdvBD98-M
• https://www.google.com/search?q=the+ARCHITECT+gif&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwja15y9wq3sAhW7y4sBHc93APIQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=the+ARCHITECT+gif&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyBggAEAcQHjoICAAQBxAFEB46CAgAEAgQBxAeOgUIABC
xA1C_9hxY7oseYJCkHmgBcAB4AIABmAuIAec9kgEPMC40LjUuMy4wLjEuMi4ymAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=
img&ei=432DX5raGLuXr7wPz--BkA8&bih=600&biw=1349&hl=en#imgrc=yuij0dRalHsoGM
• https://www.google.com/search?q=patchwork+writer&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiGwcWfxq3sAhUYg5QKHWOoD5wQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=patchwork+writer&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECCMQJzIECAAQGFD6ogpY3agKYOexCmgAcAB4AIABtQWIAYMQk
gEHMC4xLjUtM5gBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=1oGDX4b-
NpiG0gTj0L7gCQ&bih=600&biw=1349&hl=en

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