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Coupling & Decoupling

The document discusses decoupling capacitors and coupling capacitors. Decoupling capacitors act as a local power supply for integrated circuits by providing a stable voltage when the main power supply fluctuates. They help regulate the power supply and filter out electrical noise. Coupling capacitors are used to link circuit elements by only passing the AC signal between them while blocking the DC component. They are important for preventing interference in analog amplifiers and for blocking DC signals on transmission lines in digital circuits.

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Cezanne Cruz
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381 views12 pages

Coupling & Decoupling

The document discusses decoupling capacitors and coupling capacitors. Decoupling capacitors act as a local power supply for integrated circuits by providing a stable voltage when the main power supply fluctuates. They help regulate the power supply and filter out electrical noise. Coupling capacitors are used to link circuit elements by only passing the AC signal between them while blocking the DC component. They are important for preventing interference in analog amplifiers and for blocking DC signals on transmission lines in digital circuits.

Uploaded by

Cezanne Cruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPIC:

“Coupling & Decoupling”


Presented by:

Aliana Julianne Ponce


Mark Vincent Tactay
Desiree Anne Mendoza
What is decoupling
capacitor?
DEFINITIONS

A decoupling capacitor acts as a local energy reservoir.


Capacitors, like batteries, need time to change and discharge.
When used as decoupling capacitors, they oppose quick changes
of voltage. If the input voltage suddenly drops, the capacitor
provides the energy to keep the voltage stable. Similarly, if there
is a voltage spike, the capacitor absorbs the excess energy.
Decoupling capacitors act as a very small, local power
supply for ICs (An integrated circuit, or IC, is small chip that can
function as an amplifier, oscillator, timer, microprocessor, or even
computer memory. An IC is a small wafer, usually made of silicon,
that can hold anywhere from hundreds to millions of transistors,
resistors, and capacitors.) .
If the power supply very temporarily drops its voltage, a
decoupling capacitor can briefly supply power at the correct
voltage. This is why these capacitors are also
called BYPASS caps; they can TEMPORARILY act as a power
source , bypassing (providing an alternative path for certain
frequencies) the power supply
Power Supply Decoupling
Decoupling capacitors are often used to decouple the circuit from the
power supply. Some components require a strictly regulated power source in
order to function properly. A good example are microcontrollers and
microprocessors. If there is a voltage spike (produce a corresponding increase
in current) , the program loaded into the processor could skip instructions and
start behaving unpredictably. Digital logic circuits are also sensitive to power
supply voltage. Therefore it must be well regulated for stable operation.

For this reason, decoupling


capacitors are added to the circuit
in order to smooth out the power
supply voltage.
Transient load decoupling
In digital circuits, the power source may be “contaminated” with
noise coming from logic circuits or other devices. Logic circuits are
made of millions of logic gates which constantly change their output
states between ON and OFF, which means that many transistors are
switched on and off countless times in a second.
With each switch, these transistors generate what is called a
transient load. As a result, the current drawn by the device fluctuates,
generating noise (Noise, or interference, can be defined as undesirable electrical signals, which
distort or interfere with an original (or desired) signal. Noise could be transient (temporary) or
constant.)which propagates back to the power source. When capacitors
are used for power supply decoupling, they serve two roles: protecting
the power source from electrical noise generated within the circuit, and
protecting the circuit from electrical noise generated by other devices
connected to the same power source.
What is Coupling capacitor?
DEFINITIONS

A coupling capacitor is a capacitor which is used to couple or link together


only the AC signal from one circuit element to another. The capacitor blocks the
DC signal from entering the second element and, thus, only passes the AC
signal.
They are used in both analog and digital circuit applications.
Coupling capacitors are essential components in amplifier circuits (An amplifier is
a circuit that has a power gain greater than one.). They are used to prevent interference
of a transistor's bias voltage by AC signals.
ANALOG APPLICATIONS

In Analog circuits (Analog circuit can be used to convert the original signal into some other
format such as a digital signal.), coupling capacitors are extensively used in
amplifiers. The voltage bias of a transistor is crucial for normal operation of
the amplifier.
The role of coupling capacitors is to prevent the incoming AC signal from
interfering with the bias voltage applied to the base of a transistor. In such
applications, the signal is driven to the base of a transistor through a serially
connected coupling capacitor. The capacitance value must be chosen so as to
allow the useful signal, for example voice, to propagate freely, while blocking
out the DC component.
DIGITAL APPLICATIONS

In Digital circuits, especially in communications systems, coupling capacitors are


used to block the DC signal on the transmission line. The presence of a DC signal
across a transmission line means that some energy is wasted as heat dissipated
on the transmission line’s resistance. It could also cause other problems, such as
grounding problems or charge accumulation problems between two distant
connected circuits.

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