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Presentation: ER-Data Model IN Dbms

This document provides an overview of entity-relationship modeling concepts: 1. It defines the key concepts of entities, attributes, relationships, and cardinalities that form the basis of entity-relationship modeling. Entities can have single-value and multi-valued attributes. Relationships define associations between entities. 2. It explains different types of relationships and cardinalities including one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many. Cardinality specifies the number of entities that can be related. 3. It shows the symbols and notations used in entity-relationship diagrams to represent entities, attributes, relationships, and cardinalities.

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26 views16 pages

Presentation: ER-Data Model IN Dbms

This document provides an overview of entity-relationship modeling concepts: 1. It defines the key concepts of entities, attributes, relationships, and cardinalities that form the basis of entity-relationship modeling. Entities can have single-value and multi-valued attributes. Relationships define associations between entities. 2. It explains different types of relationships and cardinalities including one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many. Cardinality specifies the number of entities that can be related. 3. It shows the symbols and notations used in entity-relationship diagrams to represent entities, attributes, relationships, and cardinalities.

Uploaded by

StarSports kabaddi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PRESENTATION

ER-
DATA MODEL
IN
DBMS
P
R
1.ENTITYRELATIONSHIPMODEL

● ER M odel- Basic Concepts


● En t i t y
●
Attributes and its types
● Entity-setandkeys
● Relationship And Map
ingCardinality
E RM o d e l-B as i cC o n c ep t s

T h e E R m o d e l d e f i n e s t h e t h r e e most relevant steps . It


works around real-world entities and
the as ociations among them. A t view level, the Ermodel is
c o n s i d e r e d a g o d o p t i o n f o r designing databases.
Requirement Analysis
ConceptualDatabaseDesign
LogicalDatabaseDesign
E ntity

An entity can be a real-world object ,either animate or in animate , that can be easily
identifiable . For example , in a s c h o o l database,students,teachers,clases,andcourses
off e r e d c an be co n s i de r e d as e n t i t i e s . A ll t h e s e e n t i t i e s h av e some attributes or
properties that give them their identity.

A n e n t i t y s e t i s a c o l l e c t i o n o f s i m i l a r t y p e s o f e n t i t i e s . A n entity set may contain


entities with attribute sharing similar v a lu e s . F o r e x a m p le , a S t u d e n t s s e t m a y c o n t a i n
al●l t h e s t u d e n t s o f a s c h o o l ;

Likewise a Teachers set may contain a ll the teachers of a schoo l from a ll


faculties.Entity sets not be disjoint.
Attributes

● Entities are represented by means of their properties,called


atributes.All attributes have values.For
example,astudent entity may have name,class,and age
●
as atributes.
There exists a domain or range of values that can be
asigned to atributes.For example,a student's name
cano t b e a numeric value.It has to be alphabetic.A
student's age can o t be negative,etc.
TypesofAttributes

●
Simple atribute−Simple attributes are atomic values,which can ot be divided
further.For example,a student's phone number is an atomic value of 10 digits.
● Composite atribute−Composite attributes are made of more than one simple
atribute.For example,a student's complete name may have first_name and
●
last_name.
Derived atribute−Derived attributes are the attributes that do not exist in the
physical database,but their values are derived from other attributes present in the
database.For example,average_salary in a department should not be saved directly in
●
the database,insteadit can be derived.For another example,age can be derived from
data_of_birth.
●
Single-value attribute−Single-value attributes contain single
value.Forexample− Social_Security_Number.
Multivalued atribute−Multivalued attributes may contain more than one values.For
example, a person can have more than one phone number,email_add r e s , e t c .
Relationship
The association among entities is called a relationship.For example,an employe
works_a ta department,a student enrols in a course.Here,Works_atand Enrols are
called relationships.

●
RelationshipSet:A set of relationships of similar type is ca lled a relationshipset.Like
entities,a
Relationship to can have attributes.These attributes are called descriptive attributes.
●
D e g r e of Relationship:The number of participating entities in a relationship defines the
degree o f
The relationship.
B i na r y = d eg re 2
Ternary=degre 3
n-a r y = deg ree
Map
ingCardinalities

Cardinality defines the number of entities


in one entity set,which can be associated
with the number of entities of other set
via relationship s e t .
TypesofCardinalities

1.One-to-one 2.One-to-many

One entity from e n t i t y s e t A One entity from entity set A can be


associated with more than one
c a n b e associated with entities of entity set B however an
atmost one entity of entity entity from entity setB,can be
associated with atmost one entity.
set B and viceversa.
TypesofCardinalities(cont… . )

●
ManytoOne
More than one entities from entity set
A can be associated with at most one
entity of entity set B,however an
entity from entity set B can be
associated with more than one entity
from e nt i ty s e t A.

● ManytoMany
One entity from A c a n b e
a s o c i a t e d with more than one
entity from B and viceversa.
SYMBOLSANDNOTATIONS

● Entities:An entity is an object or concept


about which you want to store information.

A weak entity is an entity that must defined by


a foreign key relationship with
Another entity as it canot be uniquely identified
by its own attributes alone.
SYMBOLSANDNOTATIONS(cont….)

● Actions:Actions are represented by diamond


shape,and show how two, entities share
information in the database.

I n some cases, entities can be


Self-linked.
Forexample,employes can
supervise other employes
SYMBOLSANDNOTATIONS(cont….)

● Atributes:Atributes are represented by ovals.A


key attribute is the unique,distinguishing ATTRIBUT
E
characteristic of the entity.
Forexample,an employe's social security number might be the employe's key
atribute.

A multivalued atribute can have more than one value.


Forexample,an employe entity can have multiple skil ATTRIBUT
values. E

A derived atribute is based on another atribute.


Forexample,an employe's monthly salary is based
on the e m p l o y e ' s a n nual salary. ATTRIBUT
E
INFORMATIONENGINEERINGSTYLE
USEDINER-DIAGRAM
Relationships (Cardinality and Modality)

SYMBOLS MEANING
● ● Zero or More
● ● One or More
● ● One and only One
● ● Zero or One
INFORMATIONENGINEERINGSTYLE
USEDINER-DIAGRAM(cont.)
Many - to - One

SYMBOLS M E ANI NG

●
● A zero through many on both sides of a
relationship.
. ● A one through many on both sides of a
relationship.
●
● A zero through many on one side and a
onethroughmanyontheother.
● Aoneandonlyonenotationononeside
● ofarelationshipandazerooroneon
theother.
● Aoneandonlyonenotationonboth
●
sides
THANKYOU

HA

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