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Measures of Variability: Range, Interquartile Range, Variance, and Standard Deviation

The document discusses different measures of variability used to describe how scores are distributed in a data set. It defines range as the distance between the highest and lowest scores. Interquartile range is the distance between the first and third quartiles (25th and 75th percentiles). Variance is the average of the squared deviations from the mean, while standard deviation is the square root of the variance. These measures of variability, along with measures of central tendency, provide a summary of how data is distributed in a population or sample.

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156 views13 pages

Measures of Variability: Range, Interquartile Range, Variance, and Standard Deviation

The document discusses different measures of variability used to describe how scores are distributed in a data set. It defines range as the distance between the highest and lowest scores. Interquartile range is the distance between the first and third quartiles (25th and 75th percentiles). Variance is the average of the squared deviations from the mean, while standard deviation is the square root of the variance. These measures of variability, along with measures of central tendency, provide a summary of how data is distributed in a population or sample.

Uploaded by

Von Edrian Paguio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Measures of Variability

RANGE, INTERQUARTILE RANGE,


VARIANCE, AND STANDARD DEVIATION
Measures of Variability
The goal for variability is to obtain a measure of how spread out the
scores are in a distribution.

A measure of variability usually accompanies a measure of central


tendency as basic descriptive statistics for a set of scores.
Central Tendency and Variability
Central tendency describes the central point of the distribution, and
variability describes how the scores are scattered around that central
point.

Together, central tendency and variability are the two primary values
that are used to describe a distribution of scores.
Measures of Variability
Variability can be measured with
◦ the range

◦ the interquartile range

◦ the standard deviation/variance.

In each case, variability is determined by measuring distance.


Range
The range is the total distance covered by the distribution, from the
highest score to the lowest score (using the upper and lower real
limits of the range).

Formula: Highest Score (HS) – Lowest Score (LS)


Interquartile Range
Quartile is a type of quantile which divides the number of data points into
four equal parts.
◦ Q1 (25%), Q2 (50%), Q3 (75%)

The interquartile range is the distance covered by the middle 50% of the
distribution (the difference between Q1 and Q3).

Formula: Q3 – Q1
Example
Variance
 
The average of the squared differences from the Mean. It measures
how far a set of numbers is spread out from their average value.
1.Get the mean of the sample/population data
2.For each data, subtract the mean and square the result
3.Get the average of the resulting squares taking into consideration if
the data is a sample or a population.
Formulas:
Standard Deviation
 
The standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or
dispersion of a set of values. Or simply, a measurement of how
spread out the numbers are. It is also the square root of the
Variance.

Formulas:
Example (Data Set II)
  X X- (X - )2
1. Get the mean of the sample data.
46 6 36
37
37 -3
-3 9
9
40 0 0
2. Substitute all the values to the formula 40 0 0
33 -7 49
of getting the variance and standard 33
42
-7
2
49
4
deviation. 42
36
2
-4
4
16
36 -4 16
40 0 0
40
47 0
7 0
49
47
34 7
-6 49
36
34
45 -6
5 36
25
45 5 25
Practice Data Set I

Create your own table.


Compute for the mean, variance, and standard deviation.
Create a conclusion for the computed variance and standard
deviation.
Practice
x X- (X - )2
 
Mean = 40 0 0
38 -2 4
42 2 4
40 0 0
39 -1 1
39 -1 1
43 3 9
In conclusion, the data are very close to 40 0 0
the mean, and is also relatively close to 39 -1 1
each other. 40 0 0
Example
Graph

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