Outline
• What is Food?
• What is Food Science?
• Sub-disciplines of Food Science
• Food Industry
What is Food?
• Food is defined as anything solid or liquid which when swallowed, digested and
assimilated, nourishes the body.
• Food is composed of many different chemical substances ie macronutrients (eg.
carbohydrate, protein and lipids), micronutrients (eg. vitamins and minerals),
water, and dietary fiber.
• Almost all foods are plant or animal origin.
• Human need food for normal growth and development
Food science is the scientific study of raw food materials
and their behaviour during formulation, processing, packaging,
storage and evaluation as consumer food products
(Murano, 2003).
It is considered one of the agricultural sciences, and it is
a field which is entirely distinct from the field of nutrition.
Institute of Food Technologist (IFT) of the United States of
America:
Food science is the discipline in which biology, physical sciences
and engineering are used to study the nature of foods, the causes
of their deterioration, and the principles underlying food processing.
Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST) of the United
Kingdom:
Food science is a coherent and systematic body of knowledge and
understanding of the nature and composition of food materials, and
their behaviour under the various conditions to which they may be
subject.
Food technology: The application of food science to the selection,
preservation, processing, packaging, distribution, and use of safe,
nutritious, and wholesome.
Food science and technology is concerned with all quality and
safety aspects of foods before a person consumes them -
“Farm to Folk”.
•Food processing and manufacture
•Food preservation and packaging
•Food wholesomeness and safety
•Food quality evaluation
•Food distribution
•Consumer food preparation and use
Food science is an interdisciplinary field of study
Food Science
Sub-disciplines of food science
•Food microbiology: study of the microorganisms that cause food spoilage.
•Food chemistry: application of the principles of chemistry to the study of foods
and food molecules.
•Food engineering: Application of science of engineering principles to the manufacture of foods.
•Food preservation: Inhibiting spoilage of microorganisms in food to extend their freshness.
•Product development: Process in which new food ideas are generated and the products
themselves are created and marketed.
•Sensory evaluation: Assessment of all the qualities of a food items as perceived by
the human sense
Food scientist or food technologist:
•A person who applies scientific knowledge and technological
principles to the study of foods and their components.
Biology & Food Science
• Biology- study of living things & their life in sustaining system.
• Food Scientist must know how the edible tissues of food is
organized on the cellular level.
• This foundation is needed to understand changes that occur during
processing, storage.
• Living organism – bacteria, yeast n mold – effect on food (spoilage,
foodborne, useful)
Food Microbiology
Good Bugs and Bad Bugs
Fermentation
1.
Pathogens
1.
Green fluorescent
protein (GFP)
Chemistry & Food Science
• Chemistry- study atoms & molecules – arrangements into structure
& reaction
• Food contain C, H, O atoms forming carbohydrate, protein, fat, and
vitamins.
• Food Scientist – know molecular structure of food components –
study changes that affect food quality.
WHAT’S IN..
Lutein
Lycopene
Physic & Food Science
• Study of matter & energy – concerned with the physical changes under
certain conditions
• Thermodynamics- explain the prop. of matter such as the solid /
liquid state of food (e.g: concept of melting point and how relates to
final product texture)
• Electromagnetic energy – basis to understand detection of food colour,
microwave cooking, irradiation to preserve food.
Grading
plate heat exchanger
UHT Coconut Milk/Cream
Engineering & Food Science
• ~ physic
• Study the momentum, heat & mass transfer
• To understand the interaction of physical and energy transfer
operations with food materials
These products are made (engineered) using a machine called
Food Extruder
Food service:
Encompasses all the economic activities of organizations
whose main objective is to deliver and satisfy the demand for
food and beverages outside homes.
Food Science and Nutrition
• Food science deals with food manipulations and their consequences
on the food components themselves.
• Nutrition deals with the consequences on the food components
have upon the humans who consume them.
- Nutrition Society of Malaysia
Nutrition:
The science of food, the nutrients and the substances therein,
their action, interaction, and balance in relation to health and
disease, and the process by which the organism ingests,
absorbs, transport, utilizes and excretes food substances
-How the body uses foods after we eat them to promote and
maintain our health
Child with kwashiorkor
High blood
pressure
Child with marasmus Artherosclerosis
Dietetic
• Diet- the total daily food intake
• Dietitian – modify diet for patient for medicinal purposes
• Dietitian is a professional trained in translating the science of food,
nutrition and medical nutrition therapy to meet the needs of individual or
target groups, whether in disease or health.
Food Science
FOOD INDUSTRY…
Past trends
• Food is cooked at homes in small scale
• Traditional equipments
• Need a lot of manual work
• Factories often lack hygiene and sanitation
FOOD INDUSTRY…
changing demand
Spending habits (affordable)
changing lifestyle (< time in food preparation)
Eating habits (Demand for Q and variety)
Nutritional awareness (health foods, minimally processed
food)
Large population increase
Mass food production and catering
FOOD INDUSTRY…
The Future
• Globalization of food trade.
• Increase demands for ethnic foods.
• HALAL food requirements – Official portal for the Malaysian
Halal Hub http://www.halal.gov.my/v3/
• Convenience food.
If interested, you can visit the Institute Food Technology website
and join the Facebook of FSTAN for general knowledge and
networking:
Institute of Food Technologist (IFT)
http://www.ift.org/knowledge-center/learn-about-food-
science/what-is-food-science.aspx
