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Module 5 Genmath

This document discusses logarithmic equations and their solutions. It begins by defining logarithms as the inverse function of exponents and describes the relationship between logarithmic and exponential functions. It then provides examples of evaluating logarithmic expressions and properties of logarithms. Finally, it outlines the steps to solve logarithmic equations, which involve using logarithmic properties to combine terms before solving the resulting exponential equation for the variable. Sample problems demonstrate solving linear and nonlinear logarithmic equations.

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Medelyn Butron Pepito
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
362 views23 pages

Module 5 Genmath

This document discusses logarithmic equations and their solutions. It begins by defining logarithms as the inverse function of exponents and describes the relationship between logarithmic and exponential functions. It then provides examples of evaluating logarithmic expressions and properties of logarithms. Finally, it outlines the steps to solve logarithmic equations, which involve using logarithmic properties to combine terms before solving the resulting exponential equation for the variable. Sample problems demonstrate solving linear and nonlinear logarithmic equations.

Uploaded by

Medelyn Butron Pepito
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 5 GENE

MATHEMATICS
RAL
A CORE
SUBJECT
LOGARIT
Lesson 1 EQUATI
HMIC
AND THEIR
ONS
SOLUTIONS
Logarithm

IS THE INVERSE FUNCTION TO


EXPONENTIATION.

DEFINITION

G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions


Logarithm
THE LOGARITHM OF A GIVEN NUMBER x IS THE EXPONENT a
TO WHICH ANOTHER FIXED NUMBER, THE BASE b,
MUST BE RAISED, TO PRODUCE THAT NUMBER x.

log b x =
a DEFINITION

G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions


Relationship Between
Logarithmic & Exponential

If log a (x) = y, then a y

=x
G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions
Relationship Between
Logarithmic & Exponential

! LOGARITHMIC AND EXPONENTIAL ARE INVERSE FUNCTIONS

1 log a (a x ) AND loga(x)


a =x
2 = x x) = x
ln(e AND e ln(x)
=x

G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions


b =x a log b x = a

2 = 3 1 log 2 (8)
8 =3
10 4 = 2 log(10000)
10000 =4
55 = 3 log 5 (3125)
3125 =5
G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions
b =x a log b x = a

36 =
(1/2) 4 log 3 6 (6) =
6 1/2
2(-3) = 5 log 2 (1/8) = -3
1/8
8(1/3) = 6 log 8 (2) =
2 1/3
G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions
Common Logarithm

log(x) =
log 10 (x)
Base

10

G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions


Natural Logarithm

ln (x) =
log e (x)
e
Base

G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions


Change-of-Base Formula

log a (x) =

G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions


Change-of-Base Formula

log a (x) =

G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions


Logarithmic Properties

log b (m·n) = log b (m) +


log b (n)
1

G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions


Logarithmic Properties

 
log b () = log b (m) -
log b (n)
2

G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions


Logarithmic Properties

log b (m ) = nlog b (m)


n

G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions


Expand each logarithmic
expression.
1 log 2 (3 = log 2 (3) +
x)
 
log 2 (x)
log 5 () =
2 log 5 (25) –
  2log (x)
log 4 () = log (x) –
5
3 4
log 4 (16)
G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions
Simplify each logarithmic
expressions.
1 log 3 (x) + log 3 (5)
= log 3 (5x)
 

2 = log 2 ()
3log 2 (x) - log 2 (3)

G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions


How to Solve ?
Logarithmic Equations

USE THE PROPERTIES OF


LOGARITHMS WRITE THE
TO COMBINE TERMS EQUATION SOLVE FOR
CONTAINING FORMED IN THE
1 LOGARITHMIC 2 STEP 1 IN
3 INDICATED
EXPRESSIONS EXPONENTIAL VARIABLE.
INTO A SINGLE FORM.
TERM.

G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions


EXAMPLE | Solve the given logarithmic equation.

1
log x + log 3
=2
log 3x = 2
10 2 =
3x =
100
3x  x =

G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions


EXAMPLE | Solve the given logarithmic equation.

2
log 2 x + log 2 4
=5
log 2 4x = 5
2 5 = 4x
32 =
4x
x = 8

G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions


EXAMPLE | Solve the given logarithmic equation.

3
log 3 x - log 3 2
=2  
log 3 ()= 2
3 =
  2

9 =
 

x = 18
G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions
EXAMPLE | Solve the given logarithmic equation.

log 2 x + log 2 (x-2)


4
= 3 log (x(x-2)) = 3
2
log 2 (x 2 – 2x) =
3 2 3
= x 2
–
8
2x = x 2
– 2x
x 2 – 2x – 8 = 0
(x-4)(x+2) = 0
x 1 = 4; x 2 = -2
G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions
EXERCISES | Solve the following logarithmic equations.

1
log(5x-10)
=2
log 5 (4x+11)
2
=2
log 4 (2) - log 4 (32) =
3
x+ 1
log 1 / 3 () + log 1 / 3 (27)
4
= x-1
 

G E N E R A L M AT H E M AT I C S | MODULE 5 | LESSON 1 Logarithmic Equations & their Solutions

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