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Research 3-Chapter 1 Background and Its Setting

This document provides an overview of key components that should be addressed when writing the introduction chapter of a research paper, including the background, statement of the problem, significance of the study, scope and delimitations, hypotheses, conceptual framework, and assumptions. Specifically, it outlines what should be included in the background and problem statement sections, factors that make a problem significant, how to define the scope and limitations of the study, how to write hypotheses, and how to present conceptual frameworks and assumptions.

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JR Lubis
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444 views17 pages

Research 3-Chapter 1 Background and Its Setting

This document provides an overview of key components that should be addressed when writing the introduction chapter of a research paper, including the background, statement of the problem, significance of the study, scope and delimitations, hypotheses, conceptual framework, and assumptions. Specifically, it outlines what should be included in the background and problem statement sections, factors that make a problem significant, how to define the scope and limitations of the study, how to write hypotheses, and how to present conceptual frameworks and assumptions.

Uploaded by

JR Lubis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Research 3- Chapter 1

Introduction :
Background and its
Setting
Background of the study
• The background answers the question “ Why did
you conduct the study?”
• It describes the circumstances that suggested the
research.
• It recounts the extent of research done on the topic
or issue leading directly to the problem studied.
Statement of the Problem: things you
must consider
• Clarity
• Organization
• Specificity
• Well-defined scope
• Conciseness
• Measurability
Statement of the Problem: to be
significant must …
• Help answer a problem/need of the
people/community/country
• Contribute to the generation of new information
• Develop or improve an existing process
• Contribute to the development of your scientific
skills
Statement of the Problem:
• In stating a problem, identify or specify the
factors or variables to be observed and
measured. You will manipulate some of the
variables and keep others constant or controlled.
Recognize other variables that may influence
the result of the study
Statement of the Problem: example
• Proposed Problem: Response of Okra to
Horse Manure and Urea: A Comparative
Study
Statement of the Problem: example
• The independent variable in the above problem is the
kind of fertilizer used. There are two kinds of
variable: horse manure and urea. The dependent
variable is the response (growth) of okra. The effect is
observed in terms of? Plant height, time of flowering,
number of pods and final weight of the plant.
Statement of the Problem: example
• The main problem of the study is to compare
the effect of horse manure and urea to the
growth of okra.
Statement of the Problem: example
• The sub-problems of the study are:
• 1. How will the use of horse manure and
urea affect the okra?
• 2. How will the effect of horse manure and
urea on the growth of okra plants differ?
Statement of the Problem: example
• PARAMETERS
• A numerical or other measurable factor
forming one of a set that defines a system or
sets the condition of its operation
Statement of the Problem: example
• The sub-problems of the study are:
• 1. How will the use of horse manure and urea affect the okra?
• A. height of the okra plants?
• B. time of flowering per okra plant?
• C. number of pods per okra plant?
• D. final weight or each okra plants?
• E. final total weight of the pods per okra plants?
Statement of the Problem: example
• The sub-problems of the study are:
• 2. How will the effect of horse manure and urea on the growth of okra
plants differ?
• A. average height per plant
• B. time of flowering per plant
• C. number of pods per plant
• D. number of leaves per plant
• E. total weight of plants per plot
Significance of the study
• This part of the report highlights the possible
contributions of the research findings to the country or to
various sectors of the society.
• It describes (a) the relevance of the research to felt needs,
(b) how the research output may be directly useful to
people or (c) how the research contributed to the
advancement of science.
Scope and delimitation of the study
• This part defines the limits of the study in terms of:
• A. scope of the area of study
• B. scope of the problem
• C. time frame of study
• D. any limitations in the reference population, sample
size, treatment done, instruments used or research design.
Hypothesis
• Null hypothesis – is a denial of an existence of an
attribute, a relationship or a difference of an effect.
• Alternative hypothesis – is an affirmation of the
existence of an observed phenomenon
• In practice, the null hypothesis is commonly used
because it is easily to reject and accept it.
Conceptual framework
• Presents specific and well-defined concepts which is
called constructs.
• Its function is similar with theoretical framework
because the constructs used are derived from abstract
concepts of the theoretical framework.
assumptions
• Presumed to be true statements of facts related to the
research problem.
• They are clearly stated to give readers of the research
papers, theses and dissertations on the foundation to
form conclusions resulting from assumptions.

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