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AC Machinery Lecture 4

The document discusses alternator efficiency and types of losses in an alternator that reduce its efficiency. There are electrical losses including stator, rotor, and brush losses. Core losses include hysteresis and eddy current losses. Mechanical losses are frictional and windage losses. Stray losses make up other magnetic losses. Two examples are given to show efficiency calculations for different alternators operating at full load.

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Marhmello Padrique
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108 views12 pages

AC Machinery Lecture 4

The document discusses alternator efficiency and types of losses in an alternator that reduce its efficiency. There are electrical losses including stator, rotor, and brush losses. Core losses include hysteresis and eddy current losses. Mechanical losses are frictional and windage losses. Stray losses make up other magnetic losses. Two examples are given to show efficiency calculations for different alternators operating at full load.

Uploaded by

Marhmello Padrique
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Alternator

Alternator Efficiency
•  Efficiency is the ratio of electrical power out of the alternator to the
mechanical power put into it and is usually expressed as a
percentage.
Kind of Losses in Alternator
1. Electrical Losses
a. Stator Losses
b. Rotor Losses
2. Core Losses
a. Hysteresis Losses
b. Eddy Current Losses
3. Mechanical Losses
a. Frictional Losses
b. Windage Losses No – Load
Losses
4. Stray Losses
Electrical Losses
•The
  largest source of loss within an alternator is the ohmic loss
occurring within the stator windings. This is the familiar loss that
occurs when current flows through a resistance.
a.
stator winding power loss
stator winding current
stator phase resistance
Electrical Losses
•b. 
field winding power loss
field winding current
field coil resistance

This loss is considerably smaller and occurs in the rotor field winding.
Electrical Losses
•c. 
brush power loss
field (brush) current
effective brush resistance

Still smaller, on brushed alternators, there is an ohmic type loss that


occurs within the brushes and a resistive contact drop between the
brushes and slip rings.
Core Losses/ Iron Losses
•a.  Hysteresis Loss – occurs in areas of the iron where there is an AC flux.

b. Eddy Current Loss – come about in the iron sections where there is a time
varying flux.
Mechanical Losses
•a.  Frictional Losses – occur between the stationary lip of the seals of the
bearing and the rotating inner race.

b. Windage Losses – for an air – cooled alternator, windage represents the


shearing of air from the rotational surfaces, most notably the fans.
Stray Losses
•Stray
  Loss – is a “catch – all” term that is lumped under magnetic
loss.
Example
A 2 MVA, 2.3 – kV three – phase Y – connected alternator
operates at rated kVA at a power factor of 80%. The dc
armature winding resistance between terminals is 0.08
ohms. The field takes 70A at 125 V from an exciter
equipment. Friction and windage loss is 20kW, iron losses 36
kW and stray load losses are 2.0 kW. Calculate the efficiency
of the alternator. Assume the effective armature – winding
resistance is 120% of the DC resistance.
Example
A 2,500 kVA, three – phase, 60 Hz, 6.6kV wye –
connected alternator has a field resistance of 0.45
ohms and an armature – resistance of 0.05 ohms per
phase. The field current at full load 0.85 pf is 200A.
The stray losses amount to 82 kW. Calculate the
efficiency of the alternator at full load 0.85 pf lagging.
Thank you!

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