Unary 0 Binary Operations

UNARY &
BINARY
OPERATIONS
UNARY OPERATION
 UNARY OPERATION – accepts only one value or operand.
 Not all operations in mathematics involve two operands or numbers such as in the
expression 2+3=5. The plus sign between 2 and 3 is addition. The plus symbol
involves binary operation.
 The plus and minus signs may not mean addition or subtraction when they are
attached before a single number. Instead, they are read as positive and negative
signs.
 They accept only one value when they do arithmetic.

UNARY OPERATION
 Given: +4 (read as ‘positive four’ and not really mean ‘add four’)
 The value of four represented by the number 4 is considered as a single

operand by the unary operator, ‘+’, and that operation produces a value
of positive four.
 ‘+4’ and ‘4’ each represent the same value, so you can say that an
‘invisible’ positive sign exists before any number.
UNARY OPERATION
 The negative, (or opposite), sign is a unary operator.
 Consider this expression: -4. Technically here, the negative sign operator
accepts a value of four as its operand and produces a value of negative
four. Obviously, ‘-4’ and ‘4’ represent different values.
 There are no invisible negative signs in math expressions.

UNARY OPERATION
 In Summary, Unary operations involved only one value or operand.
 There are many operations on the set of real numbers. For example,
negation is a unary operation. The others are the trigonometric functions,
the single-variable function , the factorial denoted n!, the transpose
of a matrix , the square root of 100 among others.
UNARY OPERATION
 Additional examples of unary operations are given below:
 -5
 sin
 cos 45
 tan
BINARY OPERATIONS
 On the other hand, ‘+’ and ‘-‘ can act on two operands and then is is
called binary operations.
 Among the binary operators, the ‘+’ and ‘-‘ require more attention than
all other binary operations.
 To understand this better, recall the concept of double negative you

learned in high school.
BINARY OPERATIONS
 ‘Two negatives makes a positive’
 Consider this expression : 3 - -2.

 Two operations are present using the symbol ‘-. However, the two ‘-‘ should
not be interpreted to represent two identical operations.
 The first one symbol (left most), is actually the binary subtraction
operation. The other (right before the integer 2) is the unary negative
sign operator.
BINARY OPERATIONS
 The negative sign operator, has precedence over the subtraction
operator, so it accepts operands first.
 In the number line you go three units to the right of zero to locate 3. To
subtract two from three means you go two units to the left of three but to
subtract a negative two means you count the opposite of negative two
from three which is counting two units to the right of three.
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
BINARY OPERATIONS
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
 If you subtract -2 you go to the opposite direction of negative two from

three, that is, go two units to the right of 3. The result of this is five,
represented by the number line 5 units from zero.
BINARY OPERATIONS
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
 We write: 5= 3 - -2. Now, this expression also equals five: 5 = 3 +2.

Since both expressions equal to five, then the right-hand sides must equal
one another. Hence, ………………………. 3+2 = 3 - -2
BINARY OPERATIONS
 We differentiate the binary operation with the unary operator in the
following figure.
Unary negative sign operator
3 - -2
Binary subtraction operator

BINARY OPERATIONS
 Binary operations take two values and included addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, and exponentiation. There are many binary
operations on real numbers.
 An operation is binary if it takes two real numbers as arguments to

produce another real number.
 If we let multiplication, denoted by the symbol x, be a binary operation,

then 4 x 6 yields the real number 24 or 4 x 6 = 24.
BINARY OPERATIONS
 Examples:
1. Addition is a binary operation (e.g. 4+5=9)
2. Subtraction is also an example of a binary operation (e.g. 10 - 8 = 2 )
We consider the properties of these two binary operations, addition and

multiplication, over the set of real numbers as follows.
BINARY OPERATIONS
I. Closure of Binary Operations
The product and the sum of any two real numbers is also a real
number
BINARY OPERATIONS
II. Commutativity of Binary Operation
Addition and multiplication of any two real numbers is commutative,
that is in mathematical symbols these are written,
(multiplication)
(addition)
For example,
1 +2 = 2 + 1 (addition) and
(multiplication)
BINARY OPERATIONS
iii. Associativity of Binary Operations
Given any three real numbers you may take any two and perform
addition or multiplication as the case maybe and you will end with the
same answer.
For addition in symbols we write:
As an example, consider (1+2)+3 = 1+(2+3).

BINARY OPERATIONS
On the other hand, for multiplication we write
This is illustrated by the example

in which both sides of the equation equal to 24.
BINARY OPERATIONS
iv. Distributivity of Binary Operation
Distributivity applies when multiplication is performed on a group of two

numbers added together.
Given the real numbers and , this property is stated in symbolic

notation as
BINARY OPERATIONS
That is we have distributed the term over the sum (x+y).
Note, however, that addition is not distributive over multiplication.

BINARY OPERATIONS
v. Identity Elements of Binary Operations
An element of the set of real numbers is an identity element for
addition if
This means that the identity is the number that you add to any real number
and the result will return the same real number. The only number that
satisfies this property if the number zero for addition.
5 + 0 = 0 + 5 = 5.
Therefore, the identity element e in the above definition is zero or e = 0.
BINARY OPERATIONS
What then is the identity element under multiplication?
Obviously, the identity for multiplication is 1 since
for any real number .
Example:
and
BINARY OPERATIONS
vi. Inverses of Binary Operations
Now what do you add to any real number to get the identity
element = 0 as a result?
The answer is the negative of that number, - . In symbols, we state it

as
Additive Inverse
BINARY OPERATIONS
Meanwhile, for multiplication we have the familiar
In which case
Multiplicative Inverse
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING, DETERMINE WHICH
PROPERTY OF THE BINARY OPERATION IS APPLIED.

GIVEN THE FOLLOWING, DETERMINE WHICH
PROPERTY OF THE BINARY OPERATION IS
APPLIED.


Unary 0 Binary Operations

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UNARY &

 They accept only one value when they do arithmetic.

 The value of four represented by the number 4 is considered as a single

 There are no invisible negative signs in math expressions.

 To understand this better, recall the concept of double negative you

 Consider this expression : 3 - -2.

 If you subtract -2 you go to the opposite direction of negative two from

 We write: 5= 3 - -2. Now, this expression also equals five: 5 = 3 +2.

Unary negative sign operator

Binary subtraction operator

 An operation is binary if it takes two real numbers as arguments to

 If we let multiplication, denoted by the symbol x, be a binary operation,

We consider the properties of these two binary operations, addition and

For addition in symbols we write:

As an example, consider (1+2)+3 = 1+(2+3).

This is illustrated by the example

Distributivity applies when multiplication is performed on a group of two

Given the real numbers and , this property is stated in symbolic

Note, however, that addition is not distributive over multiplication.

The answer is the negative of that number, - . In symbols, we state it

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