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Lecture 4.5.2 Disk and Washer Methods

The document discusses methods for calculating the volume of solids of revolution using slicing and integration. The disk method is used to find the volume of a shape rotated about an axis by slicing it into thin disks and adding their volumes. The washer method is similar but accounts for holes by subtracting the inner disk area from the outer disk area. Several examples demonstrate applying these methods to find volumes of shapes defined by curves rotated about various axes.

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Mohd Haffiszul Bin Mohd Said
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173 views10 pages

Lecture 4.5.2 Disk and Washer Methods

The document discusses methods for calculating the volume of solids of revolution using slicing and integration. The disk method is used to find the volume of a shape rotated about an axis by slicing it into thin disks and adding their volumes. The washer method is similar but accounts for holes by subtracting the inner disk area from the outer disk area. Several examples demonstrate applying these methods to find volumes of shapes defined by curves rotated about various axes.

Uploaded by

Mohd Haffiszul Bin Mohd Said
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.5.

2 Disk and Washer Methods


y x Suppose I start with this curve.

My boss at the ACME Rocket


Company has assigned me to
build a nose cone in this shape.

So I put a piece of wood in a


lathe and turn it to a shape to
match the curve.


How could we find the volume
y x of the cone?
One way would be to cut it into a
series of thin slices (flat cylinders)
and add their volumes.
The volume of each flat
cylinder (disk) is:
 r 2  the thickness

 x
2
 dx
In this case:
r= the y value of the function
thickness = a small change
in x = dx 
The volume of each flat
y x cylinder (disk) is:
 r 2  the thickness

 x
2
 dx

If we add the volumes, we get:

  
4 2
x dx
0

4
   x dx
0

4
 2
 x  8
2 0

This application of the method of slicing is called the
disk method. The shape of the slice is a disk, so we
use the formula for the area of a circle to find the
volume of the disk.

If the shape is rotated about the x-axis, then the formula is:
b
V    y 2 dx
a

Since we will be using the disk method to rotate shapes


about other lines besides the x-axis, we will not have this
formula on the formula quizzes.

b
A shape rotated about the y-axis would be: V    x 2 dy
a

1
The region between the curve x  y , 1  y  4 and the

y-axis is revolved about the y-axis. Find the volume.

We use a horizontal disk.


y x
The thickness is dy.
1 1
1 The radius is the x value of the
 .707
2 2
dy
function 
1
.
1 y
3 3
 .577
2
 1  4 1
 
4
1
V   dy
 y 
4 dy
2 1 1 y
 
volume of disk
0
  ln y 1    ln 4  ln1   ln 22  2 ln 2
4


y The natural draft cooling tower
500 ft shown at left is about 500 feet
high and its shape can be
approximated by the graph of
this equation revolved about
the y-axis:

x  .000574 y 2  .439 y  185


x

The volume can be calculated using the disk method with


a horizontal disk.

 .000574 y  .439 y  185  dy  24, 700, 000 ft 3


500 2
 2
0

The region bounded by
y  2x y  x 2 and y  2 x is
revolved about the y-axis.
y  x2 Find the volume.
If we use a horizontal slice:
y  x2 y  2x
The “disk” now has a hole in
y it, making it a “washer”.
yx x
2
The volume of the washer is:   R   r   thickness
2 2

 2

 y  y
  R  r  dy
4 2
V      dy 2 2
0  2
 
 4 1 2 outer inner
V     y  y  dy radius radius
0
 4 
4
4 1 2 1 1   16  8
V  y  y dy    y 2  y3    8   
0 4 2 12  0  3 3 
This application of the method of slicing is called the
washer method. The shape of the slice is a circle
with a hole in it, so we subtract the area of the inner
circle from the area of the outer circle.

b
The washer method formula is: V    R 2  r 2 dx
a

Like the disk method, this formula will not be on the


formula quizzes. I want you to understand the formula.


y  x2
If the same region is
y  2x
rotated about the line x=2:
The outer radius is:
y
R  2
2
r The inner radius is:
y  x2 y  2x R
r  2 y
y
yx x 4 y2
2    4  2 y   4  4 y  y dy
4
0 4
V    R 2  r 2 dy 4 1 2 1
0
   3 y  y  4 y 2 dy
2 0 4
 y
 
4 2
  2   2 y dy 4
0
 2  3 2 1 3 8  3
    y  y  y  2

 y2   2 12 3 0
 
4
    4  2 y    4  4 y  y dy  16 64  8
0
 4      24    
 3 3 3 

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