Lift and Lev
Lift and Lev
Lift and Lev
1
Introduction
OUTLINE
Introduction
OUTLINE
Introduction
The first passenger elevator was built in 1743 for king Louis
at his palace in France. The one person contraption went up only
one floor, from the first to second, known as “Flying Chair” It was
on the outside of the building, and the king used to enter the lift
via his balcony.
OUTLINE
“Flying Chair”
Introduction
• In every building with height more than 16-m at least one lift
should be provided.
• Over speed governor, that operates the safety gear on the car in
the event of it exceeding a certain speed.
• The machine room should be of adequate size of working and
height should not be less than 1.98 m.
OUTLINE
• The machine room should be easily accessible and provided with
locking arrangements.
• The machine-room should not be used as storeroom.
• The machine room should be provided with an insulated portable
hand lamp for examining the machinery.
Lift-Well
• The lift shaft is extended down below the lowest lining into
what is known as lift pit. In this pit are fixed the buffers, spring
type for slower speeds and oil loaded for high speeds, lifts
supported on concrete blocks 40 x 40 x 75 cm.
• The lift pit should be completely watertight and should be
provided with rough Shahabad box type waterproofing
treatment.
• Similarly at the top, head clearance is necessary for overrun,
which is usually 2 m to 4 m it is advisable to provide a ladder to
lift pan.
Lift pit
Lift pit
Landing Doors
• Every lift must have an open able door from which there is access
to landing fitted with landing door. The door must be fitted with
efficient interlocking or other devices so as to secure that the door
cannot be opened except when the lift car is at the landing level
and the lift cannot be moved up/ down from the landing until the
door is locked & closed.
• The doors are made of light weight/ thin materials like sheet-
steel, collapsible steel gates, flush leaf shutter wooden gates. The
minimum size of door should be 700 mm to 2100mm
Landing Doors
Landing cars
• This has been a basic framework of steel angles and channels, which
is called the sling incorporating the fixing for the guide shoes and
the safety gear.
• When the lifting ropes breaks or stretches unduly, or when the
governor operates, if the lift exceeds, the safety gear is brought into
action by the independent steel rope.
• The car can be made of wood panels or of sheet metal or light
framing, there is a considerable range of decorative finish available,
such as aluminium sheet with matt, burnished or anodized finish,
metal faced plywood, plywood or block-board with wood veneer or
plastic veneer or linoleum or rubber sheet.
• It is important that there is good ventilation in the car, either by
simple grills or by concealed Louvers in the roof.
Types of Lifts
H=
• Where,
H= Handling Capacity as the percentage of peak population handled
during five minutes
Q= Average number of passenger carried in a car,
T= Waiting Interval in seconds,
P= Total Population to be handled during peak morning period.
Q= Average number of persons carried in a car.
Handling Capacity
Handling Capacity
Handling Capacity
Where,
RTT = It is the average time required by each lift in taking one full load
of passenger from ground floor discharging them in various floors
and coming back to ground floor for taking the fresh passengers for
the next trip including entry, door opening/ closing, stopping, etc.,
N= Number of Lifts
Example
Find out the number of lifts required in buildings with following
details:
• Gross Area per floor = 1100 sq m
• Net Usable Area= 950 sq. m
• Number of Landing including ground floor= 15 Assuming
Population density = 9.5 sq. m
• Probable Population in 14 upper floors = p = (14 x 950)/9.4 =
1400 s
• Taking capacity of lift as 20 passenger with 2.5 m/sec
• The calculated (RTT) Round Trip Time= 1400 x 2.5 / 20 = 175
sec.
• Average number of passengers carried in a car ( Q) = 20 x 0.8 =
16
• Taking number of lifts, N= 4
• Waiting Interval in seconds (T) = RTT/N = 175/4 = 44s
Example
Handing capacity as the percentage of the peak population handled
during 5 min period (H) :
=
= 8.3 %
Control Systems
• The control systems include governing starting, stopping and
direction of motion, acceleration speed and retardation of moving
members.
• The various control systems are mentioned below
• Automatic Control
• Automatic Control is a method of operating by which a momentary
pressure on a push button sets the car in motion and causes it to
stop automatically at any required lift landing. Once the passenger
has boarded and indicated the destination the car is exclusive to that
passenger, and will ignore all other landing calls. Until the
destination floor is reached.
• The system is recommended only for light traffic and with manual
entrances to a maximum eight floor.
Automatic Control
Control Systems
Collective Control
• Collective Control is a generic term for those methods of
automatic operation by which calls made by pressing push buttons
in the car and at lift landings are registered. The calls are
answered by the car stopping in the floor sequence at each lift
landing for which calls have been registered, irrespective of the
order in which the calls have been made, and until all calls have
had attended. Collective control of any form is usually not suitable
for good lifts, except where loading is not expected to fill the car
and additional loads can be taken at other stops.
Directional Collective Control
• For two or three cars is a system covering a control in which the
two or three cars in a bank are interconnected. One push with up
and down is required at each landing and the call system is
common to all lifts.
Control Systems
• Handrails are driven from the top spocket of the escalator. The
normal maintenance is to synchronize the speed of handrails to the
steps. The comb plate assemblies at the top and bottom must be
clear of all debris, normally a good housekeeping function unless an
object I lodged in the assembly.
• The baluster assembly requires minor maintenance- just keeping
the assembly intact and free of clothing catches, controllers and
steps.
• The standard speed of escalator is 27 m/ min, but most codes allow
a top speed of 37m /min.
• The entire stairway mechanism is built around a bridge type truss
which is supported at top and bottom from beams incorporated in
the building structure. An electric motor is located at the top end
section of the stairway, driving through worm gear, spocket and
chain
Escalators
Maintenance of Elevators
• Only authorized persons, who have been approved by the
electrical Engineer to Govt. can take up maintenance of
elevators. The agency must inspect the lift once in the quarter
and should attend to all calls as and when required. The
agencies is supposed to undertake the routine works such as:
1. Lubrication of wire rope and guide rails.
2. Checking of levels of machine pits.
3. Motor greasing
4. Cleaning of all equipment's
5. Adjustments in electrical circuits, landing gate lock and car
gate switches,
6. Inspection of Hoists way switches
7. Painting of all structural steel members;
8. Electrical circuit diagram of lift installations must be displayed
in conspicuous positions
9. Maintenance of logbook to record book all items relating to
general servicing and inspection
Maintenance of Elevators
The Gujarat Lift and Escalator Rules
2001( Modified up to 2007)
• This act is applicable to the whole of the state of Gujarat
• A permission to erect lift has to be sought from the State
Government by making an application in writing
• Permission to make working of the lift is sought from the
government.
• The existing life user should seek the permission to continue
to use lift within two months of specified date
• Additions alterations to the lifts are not allowed without the
permission of the govt.
• Authority has the wright to enter into any building at any
time for the purpose of inspection after giving reasonable
notice to the occupants.
The Gujarat Lift and Escalator Rules
2001 (Modified up to 2007)
• Authority has a right to order for repairs, alterations to and
discontinuance of lifts in an unusual condition
• The owner of a building in which a lift is installed or his agents
should make all necessary arrangements for inspection.
• The owner or an authorized agent must report any accident that
occurs in that operation of any lifts, which results in injury to the
Inspectors of the lifts. The state govt. may delegate any of the
powers conferred on it at least once in six months.
The Gujarat Lift and Escalator Rules
2001( Modified up to 2007)
Inspection of Lifts
• An authorized officer should inspect every lift at least once in six
months
• Recovery of fees: All fees payable will be recoverable as arrears of
land revenue
• Power of making rules The state govt. may from time to time by
notification in the official gazette, making rules to carry out the
purpose of the act.
• Penalty: Contravention of any of the provisions of this act or
conditions of license or a direction given by the Inspector of Lifts be
punishable with a fine which may extend up to 500 Rs. And in case of
continuing contravention with an additional fine which may extend to
fifty rupees for every day
The Gujarat Lift and Escalator Rules
2001( Modified up to 2007)
Inspection of Lifts
The Gujarat Lift and Escalator Rules
2001( Modified up to 2007)
• Service of notices, orders or documents.
• Every notice, order or document by or order under this act should
be served or left at local office
• Protection for acts done in good faith
• No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings against officers for
an act done in good faith or intended to be done under this act.
Thanks..