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CONDENSER

A steam condenser condenses steam and absorbs its heat using water. It maintains a low back pressure on engines or turbines, allowing steam to expand more and increase work output. It also supplies hot feed water to boilers by condensing steam. There are two main types: jet condensers where steam and water directly contact, and surface condensers where they are separated by tube walls. Surface condensers are most common as the condensate can be returned to boilers instead of wasted.

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76 views24 pages

CONDENSER

A steam condenser condenses steam and absorbs its heat using water. It maintains a low back pressure on engines or turbines, allowing steam to expand more and increase work output. It also supplies hot feed water to boilers by condensing steam. There are two main types: jet condensers where steam and water directly contact, and surface condensers where they are separated by tube walls. Surface condensers are most common as the condensate can be returned to boilers instead of wasted.

Uploaded by

Amlan Shome
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CONDENSER

A steam condenser is a device or an appliance in which steam condenses


and heat released by steam is absorbed by water. It serves the following
purposes:
(1) It maintains a very low back pressure on the exhaust side of the
piston engine or turbine. Consequently, the steam expands to a greater
extent which results in an increase in available heat energy for
converting into mechanical work. The shaded area in the figure are
44’5’5, shows the increase in work obtained by fitting a condenser to a
non-condensing engine. The thermal efficiency of a condensing unit
therefore is higher than that of non-condensing unit for the same
available steam.
Contd.

(2) It supplies to the boiler pure and hot feed water as the condensed steam which is
discharged from the condenser and collected in a hot well, can be used as feed water for the
boiler.
CLASSIFICATION OF CONDENSERS

Mainly there are two types :


(1) Jet condensers (2) Surface condensers
(2) JET CONDENSERS
The exhaust steam and water come in direct contact with each other and temperature of the
condensate is the same as that of cooling water leaving the condenser. The cooling water is
usually sprayed into the exhaust steam to cause rapid condensation.

(2) SURFACE CONDENSERS


The exhaust steam and water do not come into direct contact. The steam passes over the
outer surface of tubes through which a supply of cooling water is maintained. There may be
single-pass or double pass. In single-pass condensers, the water flows in one direction only
through all the tubes, while in two-pass condenser the water flows in one direction through
the tubes and returns through the remainder.
Contd.

A jet condenser is simpler and cheaper than a surface condenser. It should be installed when
the cooling water is cheaply and easily made suitable for boiler feed or when a cheap source
of boiler and feed water is available. A surface condenser is most commonly used because the
condensate obtained is not thrown as a waste but returned to the boiler.
LOW LEVEL JET CONDENSER (PARALLEL FLOW)
LOW LEVEL JET CONDENSER (COUNTER FLOW)
HIGH LEVEL JET CONDENSER (COUNTER FLOW)
EJECTOR CONDENSER
DOWN FLOW TYPE SURFACE CONDENSER
CENTRAL FLOW TYPE
EVAPORATIVE CONDENSER
MEASUREMENT OF VACUUM
RIVER WATER COOLING SYSTEM
NON-DIRECTED FLOW NATURAL COOLING POND
DIRECTED FLOW NATURAL COOLING POND
SPRAY POND
HYPERBOLIC COOLING TOWER
FORCED DRAUGHT COOLING TOWER
INDUCED DRAUGHT COOLING TOWER
DIRECT SYSTEM
INDIRECT SYSTEM

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