Packet Switching Training

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Packet Switching

training
PS core network architecture

HLR PCRF

Gx Gy
Gr OCS
PCEF
BSC Gb
Gn
SGSN GGSN Gz
OFCS

RNC IuPS Gi
Ga
CG

Internet
PS Core Network Nodes:
 SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) is introduced only for providing PS service, which is
mainly for transmit IP packets for MS in this SGSN’s service domain. SGSN can:
 Route and transmit user packet switching data
 Encryptions and authentications
 Session Management
 Mobility Management
PS Core Network Nodes:
 GGSN : GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) can provide data packets capsulation and
routing between GPRS/UMTSPS domain and external packet data network. GGSN can:
 Interface to external Packet IP network(IP/X.25). GGSN can provide gateway function for MS access to
PDNs. GGSN acts like a router to arrange IP address and switching packets to external network.
 Packet Session Management: finish PDP creation from MS to external PDNs
 Assign IP address to UE
 PCEF
 Charging generation and export
PS Core Network Nodes:
 HLR belongs both CS and PS domain. HLR saves packet data subscription information, and
authenticates for PS users and provides packet routing information
 Saving and upgrading GPRS user subsription datas
 User authentications
 Providing Mobility Management and routing selection for location and others
 Saving and updating user’s serving SGSN ID and address
 Deletion indication of GPRS user location
 MS available tag
PS Core Network Nodes:
 CG(Charging Gateway) is in charge of collecting, merging, pre-handle all the CDRs from
SGSN/GGSN, and provide communication interface to billing center
 Collecting CDRs in real time
 Saving and buffering CDRs temporarily.
 CDR Pre-handling
 Sending CDRs to billing center
PS Core Network Interfaces:
 IuPS interface (between RNC and SGSN) : interface can be divided into user plane
and control plane. GTP protocol used to transfer user plane data and RANAP is used
to transfer control plane signaling
 Gb interface (between BSC and SGSN)
 Gn/Gp interface (between SGSN and GGSN) : interface used either within the same
PLMN as in case of Gn, or visited networks in case of Gp. Used GTP (GPRS
Tunneling Protocol) for carrying both control plane and user plane
 Gr interface (between SGSN and HLR) : used for transfer of location update signaling
during attach or RAU procedures. using MAP
PS Core Network Interfaces:
 Gi interface (between GGSN and PDN): used to transfer the data packets from and to
the external world (the internet)
 Gx interface (between PCEF and PCRF): using Diameter and the purpose is to push
the rules from PCRF to PCEF and facilitate event reporting from PCEF to PCRF
 Gy interface (between PCEF to OCS) : used for charging and using Diameter protocol
The Identifications:
 User Identifications:  Network Identifications:
 IMSI  RAC
 P-TMSI  SGSN IP address
 IMEI  SAI
 MSISDN  CGI
 SGSN Number
The Identifications:
 Packet-Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (P-TMSI) USER : The P-TMSI is used by the
GPRS network to page the specified mobile device. When a subscriber is paged in an attempt to
deliver a call or SMS and the subscriber does not reply to that page then the subscriber is
marked as absent in both the MSC/VLR and the Home Location Register (HLR) (Mobile not
reachable flag MNRF is set). The next time the mobile performs a location update, the HLR is
updated and the mobile not reachable flag is cleared. The P-TMSI is comprised of 32bits and is
associated with the TLLI (Temporary Logical Link Identifier).
 Routing Area Code (RAC) Network: One or more RA is controlled by the SGSN. Each UE
informs the SGSN about the current RA. RAs can consist of one or more cells. Each RA is
identified by an RAI (Routing Area Identity). The RAI is used for paging and registration
purposes and consists of LAC and RAC (Routing Area Code). The RAC (length: 1 octet fixed)
identifies an RA within an LA and is part of the RAI
The Identifications:
 SGSN Number Network: MSCs, GSNs and location registers are identified by international
PSTN/ISDN numbers and/or Signalling Point Codes ("entity number", i.e., "HLR number",
"VLR number", "MSC number", “SGSN number” and “GGSN number”) in each GSM PLMN.

 SGSN, GGSN are identified also by GSN Addresses. These are the SGSN IP Address and the
GGSN IP Address.
PS user state:
 Detached State: no communication between the Detached
mobile and the network, no location information is
available so no data can be sent to the mobile
during this state Power on and Power off,
establish RRC Release RRC
 Connected State: mobile has RRC signaling
connection with the network, there’s an ability to
track the UE’s location (serving RNC). Connected

 Idle state: the mobile moves to this state when it


has released its RRC connection. In this state, the Release RRC Establish RRC
network knows the routing area in which the
mobile is located.
Idle
GPRS Attach Procedure:
PDP Context Activation Procedure:
PDP Context Deactivation Procedure:
PDP context deactivation procedure initiated by the SGSN

PDP context deactivation procedure initiated by the MS


PDP Context Deactivation Procedure:
PDP context deactivation procedure initiated by the GGSN
PDP Context Modification Procedure:
PDP context modification procedure initiated by the SGSN

PDP context modification initiated by MS

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