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Feedback Control Systems (FCS) : Lecture-26 Routh-Herwitz Stability Criterion

The document discusses the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion for determining the stability of higher order systems. It provides examples of applying the Routh-Hurwitz method, which involves generating a Routh array from the characteristic equation and analyzing the first column for sign changes. A system is unstable if there are an even number of sign changes in the first column, indicating roots in the right half plane. Special cases like zeros in the first column or an entire zero row are also covered.

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198 views19 pages

Feedback Control Systems (FCS) : Lecture-26 Routh-Herwitz Stability Criterion

The document discusses the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion for determining the stability of higher order systems. It provides examples of applying the Routh-Hurwitz method, which involves generating a Routh array from the characteristic equation and analyzing the first column for sign changes. A system is unstable if there are an even number of sign changes in the first column, indicating roots in the right half plane. Special cases like zeros in the first column or an entire zero row are also covered.

Uploaded by

SARTHAK BAPAT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Feedback Control Systems (FCS)

Lecture-26
Routh-Herwitz Stability Criterion
Stability of Higher Order Systems

C 1( s ) 10( s  1)
 5
R1 ( s ) s  3s 3  2s  5 Un-Stable

C2 ( s ) 10( s  1)
 Stable
R2 ( s ) s( s 4  s 3  3s 2  s1  2 )
Routh-Hurwitz Stability Criterion

• It is a method for determining continuous system


stability.

• The Routh-Hurwitz criterion states that “the number of


roots of the characteristic equation with positive real
parts is equal to the number of changes in sign of the
first column of the Routh array”.
Routh-Hurwitz Stability Criterion
This method yields stability information without the need to
solve for the closed-loop system poles.
Using this method, we can tell how many closed-loop system
poles are in the left half-plane, in the right half-plane, and on
the jw-axis. (Notice that we say how many, not where.)

The method requires two steps:


1. Generate a data table called a Routh table.
2. interpret the Routh table to tell how many closed-loop system
poles are in the LHP, the RHP, and on the jw-axis.
Routh’s Stability Condition

• If the closed-loop transfer function has all poles in the left half of the s-plane, the
system is stable. Thus, a system is stable if there are no sign changes in the first
column of the Routh table.

• The Routh-Hurwitz criterion declares that the number of roots of the polynomial
that are lies in the right half-plane is equal to the number of sign changes in the
first column. Hence the system is unstable if the poles lies on the right hand side
of the s-plane.
Generating a basic Routh Table

• Only the first 2 rows of the array are obtained from the characteristic
eq. the remaining are calculated as follows;
Example#1
• Consider the following characteristics equation:

• Develop Routh array and determine the stability of the system.


Example#2
• Consider the following system:

• Develop Routh array and determine the stability of the system.


Example#3
Find the stability of the continues system having the characteristic polynomial of a
third order system is given below

• The Routh array is

• Because TWO changes in sign appear in the first column, we find that two roots of
the characteristic equation lie in the right hand side of the s-plane. Hence the
system is unstable.
Example#4
Determine a rang of values of a system parameter K for which the system is stable.

• The Routh table of the given system is computed and shown is the table below;

• For system stability, it is necessary that the conditions 8 – k >0, and


1 + k > 0, must be satisfied. Hence the rang of values of a system
parameter k must lie between -1 and 8 (i.e., -1 < k < 8).
Special Cases
• Case-1: Zero in the first column

– If first element of a row is zero, division by zero would be


required to form the next row.

– To avoid this phenomenon, zero is replaced by a very


small number (say є).
Example#5
Example#5
Determine the stability of the system having a characteristic equation given below;

The Routh array is shown in the table;

Where

There are TWO sign changes due to the large negative number in the first column,
Therefore the system is unstable, and two roots of the equation lie in the right half
of the s-plane.
Example#6
Determine the range of parameter K for which the system is unstable.

The Routh array of the above characteristic equation is shown below;

Where

• Therefore, for any value of K greater than zero, the system is unstable.
• Also, because the last term in the first column is equal to K, a negative value
of K will result in an unstable system.
• Consequently, the system is unstable for all values of gain K.
Case-II: Entire Row is Zero.

• Sometimes while making a Routh table, we find that an entire row consists of

zeros.

• This happen because there is an even polynomial that is a factor of the original

polynomial.

• This case must be handled differently from the case of a zero in only the first

column of a row.
Example-7: Determine the stability of the system.

The characteristic equation q(s) of the system is


Where K is an adjustable loop gain.
The Routh array is then;

For a stable system, the value of K must be;


Example-7: Determine the stability of the system.

• Also, when K = 8, we obtain a row of zeros (Case-II).


• The auxiliary polynomial, U(s), is the equation of the row preceding the row of Zeros.
• The U(s) in this case, obtained from the s2 row.
• The order of the auxiliary polynomial is always even and indicates the number of
symmetrical root pairs.
Example-7: Determine the stability of the system.

• The auxiliary polynomial, U(s), can be obtain as;


Example#8
• Consider the following characteristic equation.
Determine the range of K for stability.

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