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Population Health Problem: Communicable Diseases: Ema Dessy Naediwati, S, Kep., NS., M.Kep

This document discusses population health problems related to communicable diseases. It aims to help students understand the concepts of assessment and care for groups with infectious illnesses. Key points covered include the epidemiologic triangle and web of causation models of disease transmission, modes of transmission, disease stages and spectrums, surveillance systems for communicable diseases, and levels of prevention and control including primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Screening types like mass, multiple, targeted, and case finding are also outlined.

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Fernando Aspril
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28 views27 pages

Population Health Problem: Communicable Diseases: Ema Dessy Naediwati, S, Kep., NS., M.Kep

This document discusses population health problems related to communicable diseases. It aims to help students understand the concepts of assessment and care for groups with infectious illnesses. Key points covered include the epidemiologic triangle and web of causation models of disease transmission, modes of transmission, disease stages and spectrums, surveillance systems for communicable diseases, and levels of prevention and control including primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Screening types like mass, multiple, targeted, and case finding are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Fernando Aspril
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Population Health Problem:

Communicable Diseases

Ema Dessy Naediwati, S, Kep., Ns., M.Kep


(Keperawatan Komunitas PSIK FK ULM)
2020
Tujuan Instruksional Umum

•Mahasiswa memahami tentang


konsep askep pada kelompok dengan
penyakit menular
Tujuan Instruksional Khusus
• Mahasiswa memahami ancaman & dampak
penyakit menular di komunitas
• Mahasiswa memahami konsep tentang penyakit
menular (transmisi/faktor-faktor yg
mempengaruhi, survailance)
• Mahasiswa memahami peran perawat
komunitas dalam pencegahan & kontrol
penyakit menular
Preface
Rapid proliferation of drug resistant organism,
bioterorism, emerging infectious/communicable
diseases

Mortality & morbidity ↑

Creating formidable challenges worldwide: nurse should be


knowledgeable about recognizing, preventing & controlling
infectious diseases
Transmission of
communicable diseases
 The Epidemiologic triangle.
host

agent environment

 The Web of causation


 The Wheel

Genetic
core

host

environment
MULTIPLE CAUSATION
AGENT :
- Biologic microorganism  virus,
bacteria, ricketzia, protozoa,
fungi, metazoa
-Physical Lead, asbes, CO etc
-Social  Maternal deprivation.
Multiple .............cont
 HOST (Intrinsic factors)
-genetic factors
-immunity
natural immunity, Acquired immunity (active immunization, passive immunization)
 ENVIRONMENT (extrinsic factors)
-Biological environment
Agents of disease, reservoir, vectors,
plants and animal(source of food)
-Social environment.
eating habits, the way of cooking
- Economic environment
low income, health service payment,
Multiple...............cont
-ideology and politics
social conflict, war death ,injuries
-physical environment :
heat, light, air, water radiation,gravity
atmoshpheric pressure, chemical
Modes of Transmission

Vertical transmission

Horizontal transmission
Modes of Transmission

Direct transmission

Indirect transmission
Stages Of Disease
Disease Spectrum
• Endemic
1

• Epidemic
2

• Pandemic
3
Surveillance of communicable
disease
• Gathers the who, when, where and
what; to answer why
Systematic Surveillance of
communicable disease
Systematically
organize
collect

Analyze current Accurate

Complete data
 Resulting information is promtly released to those who need it for effective planning,
implementation and evaluation of disease prevention and control program
 Nurse role: collecting data, making diagnoses, reporting cases, providing feedback information
to the general public
Prevention & control of
communicable disease
• The reduction of
Prevention & incidence/prevalence to a
Control locally acceptable level

• The reduction of
Elimination incidence/prevalence to near
zero

• The reduction of
Eradication incidence/prevalence to zero
Level Prevention

Primary prevention
- purpose  to limit the incidence of disease by controlling causes and risk factor (health
promotion & spesific protection)
 Secondary prevention
-Aim to cure patients and reduce the more
serious sequences of disease through
early diagnosis and treatment
- It is directed at the period b/w onset of
disease and the normal time of D/ and
aim to reduce the prevalence of disease
- 2nd prevention can be applied to disease in which the natural
history includes an early period when it is easily identified and
treated
 Tertiary prevention

- aim at reducing the progress or complication of establish disease and


is an important aspect of therapeutic and rehabilitation medicine.
THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPE OF SCREENING EACH
WITH SPECIFIC AIMS

 Mass Screening → Involves the screening of a whole population


 Multiple or Multiphase Screening → Involves the use of a variety of
screening test on the same occasion
 Targeted Screening of group with specific exposures
 Case Finding or Opportunistic Screening is Restricted to patiens
who consult a health practitioner for some other purpose
Thank you…

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