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Adjective Clauses

1. An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun, providing additional information about the noun. It can use relative pronouns like who, that, which, whom, whose. 2. There are three types of adjective clauses: defining clauses that are essential to understanding the noun, non-defining clauses that provide extra information, and connective clauses that continue the story rather than describing the noun. 3. Relative pronouns take different forms depending on whether they are the subject or object of the adjective clause, and whether a preposition is present. Placement of the pronoun and use of commas also differs based on the type of adjective clause.

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108 views8 pages

Adjective Clauses

1. An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun, providing additional information about the noun. It can use relative pronouns like who, that, which, whom, whose. 2. There are three types of adjective clauses: defining clauses that are essential to understanding the noun, non-defining clauses that provide extra information, and connective clauses that continue the story rather than describing the noun. 3. Relative pronouns take different forms depending on whether they are the subject or object of the adjective clause, and whether a preposition is present. Placement of the pronoun and use of commas also differs based on the type of adjective clause.

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Sri Novianti
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Adjective Clauses

A. Definition
Adjective : is a word used to midify noun or pronoun
Clause : is a group of words containing a subject and a
verb
Adjective Clause : An adjective clause is a dependent clause that
modifies a noun. It describes , identifies, or give
further information about a noun (an adjective
clause is also called a relative clause
Independent : An independent clause is a complete sentence. It
Clause contains the main subject and verb of a sentence
(it is also called a main clause
Dependent Clause : A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. It
must be connected to an independent clause
Relative Pronouns : Are kind of words used in the Adjective Clauses:
WHO, THAT, WHICH, WHOM, WHOSE, OF
WHICH
B. Using Subject Pronouns: Who, Which, That, in this term the
pronoun used as the Subject
I thanked the woman. She helped me In (a) I thanked the woman = an
independent clauses
who helped me = an adjective
(a) I thanked the woman who helped me clause
the adjective clause modifies the noun
woman
(b) I thanked the woman that helped me
In (a): "who" is the subject of the
adjective clause
In (b): "that" is the subject of the
adjective clause
Note: (a) and (b) have the same meaning

The book is mine. It is on the table.

(a) The book which is on the table is mine who : used for people
which : used for things
(b) The book that is on the table is that : used for both people and things
mine
C. Using Object Pronouns: Who/Whom, Which, That , in this term the pronoun used as the object

The man was Mr. Jones. I saw him Notice in the examples: the adjective
clause pronouns are placed ate the
beginning of the clause. (General
guideline: place an adjective clause
(a) The man who/whom I saw was Mr. Jones pronoun as close as possible to the
noun it modifies.

(b) The man that I saw was Mr. Jones In (a): "who" is usually used instead
of "whom". Especially in speaking.
"Whom" is generally used only in
(c) The man I saw was Mr. Jones very formal English.

The movie wasn't very good. We saw it last night In (c ) and (f): an object pronoun is
often omitted from an adjective clause.
(a subject pronoun, however, may not
(d) The movie which we saw last night wasn't very good be omitted)

(e) The movie that we saw last night wasn't very good Who/whom : used for people
Which : used for things
(f) The movie we saw last night wasn't very good That : used for both people and

things
D. Using Preposition in Adjective Clauses: whom, that and which
preposition object
Whom, which, and that can be used as
the object of a preposition in an adjective
(a) The man was helpful. I talked to him clause.
Reminder: an object pronoun can be
(b) The man whom I talked to was helpful omitted from an adjective clause, as in (d)
and (i)
(c) The man that I talked to was helpful

(d) The man I talked to was helpful

(e) The man to whom I talked was helpful

In very formal English, a preposition


Preposition object often comes at the beginning of an
adjective clause, as in (e) and (j). the
(f) The chair is comfortable. I am sitting in it preposition is followed by either whom or
which (not that) and the pronoun cannot
(g) The chair which I am sitting in is comfortable be omitted
(h) The chair that I am sitting in is comfortable
(i) The chair I am sitting in is comfortable (b), (c), (d), and (e) have the same
meaning
(j) The chair in which I am sitting is comfortable (g), (h), (i) and (j) have the same
meaning.
E. Kinds of Adjective Clauses
There are three kinds of relative clauses:
1. Defining Relative Clauses
2. Non-defining Relative Clauses
3. Connective Relative Clauses
1. The Defining Relative Clause: Kinds of Relative Pronoun:
are used essentially to the clear understanding of the noun who, that, which, whom, and
whose
relative pronoun
Notes:
The man who stands in front of classroom is my teacher 1. That there is no comma
between a noun and
noun adjective clauses defining relative
2. The relative pronoun can
The man whom I seen yesterday is my teacher not be omitted
3. Defining relative clauses
  N RP ADJ C
usually followed by "the"
  + noun Or followed by
The man whose pointed nose is my teacher "a/an" + noun
N RP ADJ C 4. Plural and pronouns all,
none, anybody, somebody,
without using "the"
2. Non-Defining Relative Notes:
Clauses are placed after nouns which are
definite already. The Non-Definite Clauses do 1. The relative pronoun
not therefore define the noun, but merely add can be omitted
2. That there is comma
something to it by giving some more between a noun and s
information about it. defining relative
 
3. The construction is
 
fairly formal and more
My friend, who is sleeping in the classroom
N RP ADJ CL common in written
  than in spoken English

Witular, whom everyone respected, succeed in all


exams
N RP ADJ CL

Ani, whose son is studying at UNIKU University


N RP ADJ CL
3. Connective Relative Clauses
do not describe their nouns but continuethe story . they are
usually placed after the object of the main verb

I told Peter, who said it wasn't his business

He drank beer, which made him fat = He drank beer and it made fat

He introduced me to his boys, one of whom offered to go with me

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