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Lesson 3 - Part 4 (Argument Forms and Truth Tables)

The document discusses argument validity using truth tables. It explains that arguments are valid if all premises and conclusion are true, which is called a tautology. Invalid arguments have all true premises but a false conclusion, called a fallacy. Common valid argument forms discussed include disjunctive syllogism, modus ponens, modus tollens, and hypothetical syllogism. Examples of each are given using truth tables to demonstrate validity. Common invalid argument forms are also presented using truth tables showing true premises and a false conclusion. The document concludes with an activity asking the reader to determine validity of arguments using truth tables.

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Xofia Rocero
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87 views20 pages

Lesson 3 - Part 4 (Argument Forms and Truth Tables)

The document discusses argument validity using truth tables. It explains that arguments are valid if all premises and conclusion are true, which is called a tautology. Invalid arguments have all true premises but a false conclusion, called a fallacy. Common valid argument forms discussed include disjunctive syllogism, modus ponens, modus tollens, and hypothetical syllogism. Examples of each are given using truth tables to demonstrate validity. Common invalid argument forms are also presented using truth tables showing true premises and a false conclusion. The document concludes with an activity asking the reader to determine validity of arguments using truth tables.

Uploaded by

Xofia Rocero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ARGUMENT

FORMS AND
TRUTH TABLES
B Y: M S . J E M M A H R O S E E U N E S I S A . R O S A R D A
TESTING ARGUMENT VALIDITY
USING TRUTH TABLES

• the arguments are valid if all premises and conclusion are TRUE
• valid argument is called tautology
• the arguments are invalid if all premises are TRUE and conclusion
is FALSE
• invalid argument is called fallacy
TRUTH TABLE OF VALID
ARGUMENT
  P Q 1st premise
P 2nd premise
Q conclusion
  p q
p
q

VALID since there is no substitution instance on


which the premises are both true and the conclusion
is false (T,T,F).
SOME COMMON ARGUMENT
FORMS OF VALIDITY

• Disjunctive Syllogism
• Modus Ponens
• Modus Tollens
• Hypothetical Syllogism
DISJUNCTIVE SYLLOGISM

 
pvq 1st premise

~p 2nd premise

q conclusion
 p v q

~p

VALID since there is no substitution instance on


which the premises are both true and the conclusion
is false (T,T,F).
MODUS PONENS

 
pq 1st premise

p 2nd premise

q conclusion
p
  q
p
q

VALID since there is no substitution instance on


which the premises are both true and the conclusion
is false (T,T,F).
MODUS TOLLENS

•   pq 1st premise

~ q 2nd premise

~p conclusion
p
•  q
~ q
~p

VALID since there is no substitution instance on


which the premises are both true and the conclusion
is false (T,T,F).
HYPOTHETICAL SYLLOGISM

  pq 1st premise

q r 2nd premise

p r conclusion
p
  q
q r
p r

VALID since there is no substitution instance on


which the premises are both true and the conclusion
is false (T,T,F).
COMMON INVALID FORMS
•  

p q
T T T
T F F
F
FF T
T T
T TT
F
F F
F T
T

INVALID since in third row the premises are true and


conclusion is false (T,T,F).
•  

p q ~
T
T T
T T
T F
F F
F
T
T F
F F
F F
F T
T
F
F T
T T
T T
TT F
FF
F
F F
F T
T T
T T
T

INVALID since in third row the premises are true and


conclusion is false (T,T,F).
ACTIVITY#2

Construct a truth table to determine the


validity and invalidity of each of the following
arguments. Write VALID if the argument is valid
otherwise write INVALID.
•1.   ( a v b ) ( a ^ b)
avb
a^b

2. e f
f e
evf

3. ( i v j ) ( i ^ j)
~(i v j)
~ ( i ^ j)
THANK YOU 

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