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Genetic Mapping and Interference and Coincidence

- Interference is the tendency of one crossover to reduce the likelihood of another crossover occurring nearby on the same chromosome. It is measured by the coefficient of coincidence. - Positive interference occurs when one crossover reduces the chance of another nearby, while negative interference enhances the chance of additional crossovers. Positive interference is more common. - Genetic mapping uses crossover rates to estimate distances between genes. Physical mapping determines the actual sequence and distances between DNA base pairs using techniques like restriction mapping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and sequence tagged site mapping. The linear order of genes is the same between genetic and physical maps.

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4K views17 pages

Genetic Mapping and Interference and Coincidence

- Interference is the tendency of one crossover to reduce the likelihood of another crossover occurring nearby on the same chromosome. It is measured by the coefficient of coincidence. - Positive interference occurs when one crossover reduces the chance of another nearby, while negative interference enhances the chance of additional crossovers. Positive interference is more common. - Genetic mapping uses crossover rates to estimate distances between genes. Physical mapping determines the actual sequence and distances between DNA base pairs using techniques like restriction mapping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and sequence tagged site mapping. The linear order of genes is the same between genetic and physical maps.

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62 Renuga S
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Interference and coincidence;

genetic map and physical map


S.Renuga
2018033062
Interference
• Term coined by Muller.
• The tendency of one crossing over to reduce the chance of
another crossover in its adjecent region.
• When the crossover in one region affects the probability of a
cross over in nearby region.
• It is affected by gene distance of chromosome.
• Lesser gene distance greater the interference vice versa.
Co efficient of interference% = 1- coefficient of
coincidence×100
2 types:
• Positive interference
• Negative interference
Difference between positive and negative interference

Positive interference Negative interference


One crossover reduce the chance of One crossing over enhance the
another crossing over in adjacent chance of another crossing over.
region.

Observed in both Prokaryotes and Lowe organism like aspergillus,


eukaryotes. bacteriophage.

Coefficient of coincidence <1 Always >1


Coincidence
• Term coined by Muller.
• Strength or degree of interference.
• Coefficient of coincidence is measure of interference in formation of
chromosomal crossing over during meiosis.
• Coefficient coincidence%= observed double crossover/Expected
double crossover×100.
CoC >1 negative interference.
<1 positive interference
0 absence of interference
1 complete or absolute interference.
• COC is typically calculate from recombination rates between
3 genes.
• If there are 3genes in the order ABC, then we can determine
how closely linked they are by frequency of recombination.
Knowing the crossover rate btw A&B.
Knowing the crossover rate btw B&C
Expect the double recombination rate to be the product of
these two rates.
• There are two types in genome mapping,
1. Physical mapping
2. Genetic mapping
Genetic mapping
• A genetic map is a representation of the distance between two DNA
elements based upon the frequency of recombination.
• First genetic map of the chromosome was constructed by Alfred
sturtevant, using data from drosophilla.
Physical mapping
• It is a technique used in molecular biology to find the order and
physical distance between DNA base pairs by DNA markers.
• Main objective is to determine the sequence of DNA base pairs With
higher accuracy.
• Physical mapping uses DNA fragments and DNA markers to assemble
larger DNA pieces.
• Overlapping region of fragments,this map can deduce the position of
DNA bases.
Three basic of physical mapping
• Restriction mapping
• Fluoroscent in situ hybridization (FISH)
• Sequence tagged site (STS) mapping
Restriction mapping
• Restriction mapping, which locates the relative position on DNA
molecule of recognition sequences for restriction endonuclease.
FISH
• It is a molecular cytogenetic technique that used flurosencent probes
that bind to only those part of chromosome with a high degree of
sequence complementarity
• Analysis of chromosome structural aberrations.
• Used to identify the presence and location of a region of DNA or RNA
within morphologically preserved chromosome preparations.
STS
• In which the positions of short sequences are mapped by PCR or
hybridization analysis of genome fragments.
Genetic mapping Physical mapping

It is the map distance based on Actual physical distance between


crossover percent between two linked genes.
linked gene.

This map distance highly varies as Physical distance of linked genes


frequently of crossing over varies bears no direct relationship to the
in different segments of map distances calculated on the
chromosome basis of crossover percentages.

Linear order is identical as in Linear order is identical as in


physical map genetic map.
n k y o u …
T h a

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