Projectile Motion

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, I shall be able
to:
1. Solve horizontal velocity of a
projectile;
2. Determine horizontal distance
(range) traveled by a projectile
 REVIEW
Horizontal Vertical
Motion Motion
Forces Yes
(Present? Yes or No? The force of
(If present, what
No gravity acts
direction?) downward.
Acceleration Yes
(Present? Yes or No? No ‘g’ is downward
(If present, what at 9.8. m/s2
direction?)
Velocity Changing
(Constant or Constant by 9.8. m/s each
Changing) second
 Projectile Motion
• Two-dimensional motion of an object
– Vertical
– Horizontal
 Projectile Motion

Horizontal Motion Vertical Motion

x = vix•t + 0.5*ax*t2 y = viy•t + 0.5*ay*t2

vfx = vix + ax•t vfy = viy + ay•t

vfx2 = vix2 + 2*ax•x vfy2 = viy2 + 2*ay•y

 Projectile Motion

Horizontal Motion where:

x = vix•t + 0.5*ax*t2
x = horiz. displacement
vfx = final horiz. Velocity
vfx = vix + ax•t ax = horiz. acceleration
vix = initial horiz. velocity
vfx2 = vix2 + 2*ax•x t  = time
 Projectile Motion

Vertical Motion where:

y = viy•t + 0.5*ay*t2 y = vertical
displacement
vfy = viy + ay•t vfy = final vertical velocity
ay = vertical acceleration
viy = initial vertical velocity
vfy2 = viy2 + 2*ay•y
t  = time
 How to Solve
horizontal motion?
1. A Frisbee is thrown
horizontally with a speed of
12 m/s. If the Frisbee moves
a horizontal distance of 15 m,
how long will it stay in the air?
 Solution for No. 1

Given: Vx= 12m/s Solution:

dx= 15m x = Vix*t + 0.5*a*t2
a= 0 15m=(12m/s)t + (0.50)(0)(t2)
15m = (12m/s)t
Formula to be used:
12m/s (12m/s)
x = Vix*t + 0.5*a*t2
t = 1.25 s
 How to Solve
horizontal motion?
2. A ball is thrown horizontally
out of the window with a
velocity of 3.5 m/s. If the
window is 5.0 m above the
ground, how far will the ball
travel before it hits the
ground?
 Solution for No. 2

Given: Vx= 3.5m/s

1. Solve for time:
h= 5.0 m y = Viy*t + 0.5*a*t2
dx= ? 5m=(0)t + (0.5)(9.8m/s2)(t2)
5m = (4.9m/s2) t2
Formula to be used:
(4.9m/s2) (4.9m/s2)
x = Vix*t + 0.5*a*t2 5m = t2
(4.9m/s2)
Note: But before you use this formula,
solve first for the time. 1.01 s = t
 Solution for No. 2

2. Solve for distance:

x = Vix*t + 0.5*a*t2
x=(3.5m/s)(1.01s) + (0.5)(0)(1.01s) 2
x= 3.535 m
 How to Solve
vertical motion?
3. A brick falls freely from a high
scaffold and hits the ground
after 3.5 seconds. How high is
the scaffold? What is the
velocity of the brick just before
hitting the ground?
 Solution for No. 3
Given: t= 3.5s
g= 9.8m/s2
1. Solve for height (y or h):
Viy = 0
y or h = ?
y = Viy*t + 0.5*a*t2
Vf = ?
y=(0)(3.5s) + (0.5)(9.8m/s2)(3.5s)2
y= (120.05m)
(2)
y= 60.025 m
Formula to be used:
y = Viy*t + 0.5*a*t2
 Solution for No. 3

Formula to be used: 1. Solve for Vfy:

Vfy2 = Viy2 + 2ay Vfy2 = Viy2 + 2ay
Vfy2 =(0) + (2)(9.8m/s2)(60.025m)
Vfy2 = 1176.49m2/s2
Vfy = 34.3 m/s
 How to Solve
horizontal motion?
4. A marble rolls off the edge of
a table top with an initial speed
of 15.0 m/s. In 0.50 s, how far
does it travel (a) vertically and
(b) horizontally?
 Solution for No. 4
Given: t= 0.5s
g= 9.8m/s2 1. Solve for height (y or h):
Vix= 15.0m/s
Viy = 0
y or h = ?
y = Viy*t + 0.5*a*t2
x=? y=(0)(0.50s) + (0.5)(9.8m/s2)(0.50s)2
y= (2.45m)
(2)
y= 1.225 m
Formula to be used:
y = Viy*t + 0.5*a*t2
 Solution for No. 4
Given: t= 0.5s
g= 9.8m/s2 1. Solve for d:
Vix= 15.0m/s
Viy = 0
y or h = ?
x = Vix*t + 0.5*a*t2
x=?
x=(15.0)(0.50s) + (0.50)(0)(0.50s)2
x= 7.5 m

Formula to be used:
x = Vix*t + 0.5*a*t2
 How to Solve
projectile motion?
5. A marble rolls off horizontally
from the edge of a tabletop 1.50 m
above the floor. It strikes the floor
2.0 m from the base of the table.
a. How long does it take the
marble to reach the floor?
b. What is its initial speed?
 Assignment
Answer the following word problems. Show your complete solution.

A marble rolls off horizontally from the

edge of a tabletop 1.50 m above the floor.
It strikes the floor 2.0 m from the base of
the table.
a. How long does it take the marble to
reach the floor?
b. What is its initial speed?
 Projections at
Arbitrary Angles
The velocity in the vertical direction (viy) is
no longer equal to zero. There is velocity
in both the horizontal and vertical
directions.  
 Projections at
Arbitrary Angles
Maximum height:
Horizontal and vertical
initial velocity: dy = viyt + gt2
2
dy = (vi sin θ)2
2g
Time: Total time: Range:
R = vix t
R = vi2 sin 2θ
g
 Projections at
Arbitrary Angles
Velocity:

vR2 = vx2 + vy2

vR = vx2 + vy2
 How to solve projectile
launched at an Angle?
1. An object is projected from the ground with
an initial velocity of 24.5 m/s at 30° above the
horizontal. Find the (a) horizontal and vertical
components of its initial velocity, (b) time to
reach the maximum height, (c) time of flight,
(d) maximum height attained by the object,
(e) speed at the maximum height, (f) range,
and the (g) velocity upon striking the ground.
 Solution for No. 1
Given: Vi=24.5m/s
A. Solve for Vix & Viy:
θ = 30°
Vix= Vi cosθ
= (24.5m/s)(cos30)
We’re looking for:
a.Vix, Viy Vix = 21.2176m/s
b.t
c.t’
d.h
e.v Viy= Vi sinθ
f.R
g.Vf
= (24.5m/s)(sin30)
Viy = 12.25m/s
 Solution for No. 1
B. Solve for t: D. Solve for h:
dy = viyt + gt2
t = Viy / g 2
dy =(12.25m/s)(1.25s) + 0.5 (9.8m/s2)(1.25s
= (12.25m/s) / (9.8m/s2) = 15.3125 m + 7.65625 m
t = 1.25 s dy = 22.968 m

C. Solve for t’ (total time):

t’ = 2t
= 2(1.25s)
E. Solve for s:
t’ = 2.5 s
s = 0 (speed or velocity is always
equal to 0 at the maximum height)
 Solution for No. 1
F. Solve for R:
R = Vix x t
= (21.2176m/s)(2.5s)
R = 53.044 m
G. Solve for Vfy:
Vfy2 = Viy2 + 2ay
Vfy2 =(12.25m/s) 2 + 2(9.8m/s2)(22.968m)
= (150.0625 m2/s2) + (450.1728 m2/s2)
Vfy2 = 600.2353 m2/s2
Vfy2 = 24.4997 m/s
 How to solve projectile
launched at an Angle?
2. Suppose the body in Problem
number 1 is projected at 24.5 m/s
at 60 above the horizontal. Find the
(a) time of flight, (b) range, (c)
maximum height.
 How to solve projectile
launched at an Angle?
3. A long jumper leaves the ground
at an angle of 30˚ to the horizontal
and at a speed of 6 m/s. How far
does he jump?
 How to solve projectile
launched at an Angle?
4. An object is fired from the ground at 100 meters
per second at an angle of 30 degrees with the
horizontal
a. Calculate the horizontal and vertical components of
the initial velocity.
b. After 2.0 seconds, how far has the object traveled in
the horizontal direction?
c. How high is the object at this point?
 Projectile
Examples of Projectile
Motion
• Launching a Cannon ball
 Examples of Projectile
Motion
• Launching a Cannon ball
Horizontal Vertical
Time
Velocity Velocity
0s 20 m/s, right 0
1s 20 m/s, right 9.8 m/s, down
2s 20 m/s, right 19.6 m/s, down
3s 20 m/s, right 29.4 m/s, down
4s 20 m/s, right 39.2 m/s, down
5s 20 m/s, right 49.0 m/s, down
 Examples of Projectile
Motion
• Launching a Cannon ball at an angle of 15 degrees angle
 Examples of Projectile
Motion
• Launching a Cannon ball
Horizontal Vertical
Time Velocity Velocity
0s 73.1 m/s, right 19.6 m/s, up
1s 73.1 m/s, right 9.8 m/s, up
2s 73.1 m/s, right 0 m/s
3s 73.1 m/s, right 9.8 m/s, down
4s 73.1 m/s, right 19.6 m/s, down
5s 73.1 m/s, right 29.4 m/s, down
6s 73.1 m/s, right 39.2 m/s, down
7s 73.1 m/s, right 49.0 m/s, down
 Application
• Projectile in pyrotechnics

How do you comply with the

safety rules and regulation on
firecrackers, other pyrotechnic
devices, and celebratory
firing?
 Equations

• X- Component
x f  xi  v xi t
• Y- Component
1 2
y f  y i  v yi t  gt
2
2 2 Note: g= 9.8
v yf  v yi  2 gy
m/s^2
v yf  v yi  gt
• Vectors
v xi  vi cos( )
v yi  vi sin( )
 Factors Affecting
Projectile Motion

• What two factors would affect projectile

motion?
– Angle
– Initial velocity

Initial Velocity

Angle
 Class Exercise

An object is fired from the ground at 100

meters per second at an angle of 30
degrees with the horizontal
Calculate the horizontal and vertical
components of the initial velocity
After 2.0 seconds, how far has the object
traveled in the horizontal direction?
How high is the object at this point?
 Solution

• Part a
 s  cos 30   87 m s
vix  vi cos   100 m 0

viy  v sin   100 m  sin 30   50 m

0
i s s
• Part b
x
vix 
t

x  v x t  87 m
s
 2.0s   174m
• Part c
y  viy t 
1
2
    1
 
g t 2  50 m  2.0s   9.8 m 2  2.0s 
s 2 s
2