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    Interviews For Qualitative Research: DR Leonie Fleischmann Leonie - Fleischmann.2@city - Ac.uk

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    Sandra Vucevic
    Interviews are a common method in qualitative research but pose challenges. There are different types of interviews like closed or open-ended. Developing good questions is important and considers the research focus, time, and knowledge. The researcher's position and reflexivity on how it affects the research is also important. Using good rapport, active listening, and making participants comfortable are key techniques to obtain quality data from interviews.

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    Interviews For Qualitative Research: DR Leonie Fleischmann Leonie - Fleischmann.2@city - Ac.uk

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    Sandra Vucevic
    25 views16 pages
    Interviews are a common method in qualitative research but pose challenges. There are different types of interviews like closed or open-ended. Developing good questions is important and considers the research focus, time, and knowledge. The researcher's position and reflexivity on how it affects the research is also important. Using good rapport, active listening, and making participants comfortable are key techniques to obtain quality data from interviews.

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    Interviews are a common method in qualitative research but pose challenges. There are different types of interviews like closed or open-ended. Developing good questions is important and considers the research focus, time, and knowledge. The researcher's position and reflexivity on how it affects the research is also important. Using good rapport, active listening, and making participants comfortable are key techniques to obtain quality data from interviews.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    25 views16 pages

    Interviews For Qualitative Research: DR Leonie Fleischmann Leonie - Fleischmann.2@city - Ac.uk

    Uploaded by

    Sandra Vucevic
    Interviews are a common method in qualitative research but pose challenges. There are different types of interviews like closed or open-ended. Developing good questions is important and considers the research focus, time, and knowledge. The researcher's position and reflexivity on how it affects the research is also important. Using good rapport, active listening, and making participants comfortable are key techniques to obtain quality data from interviews.

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    of 16

    Interviews for Qualitative

    Research

    Dr Leonie Fleischmann
    [email protected]
    The purpose of an interview “is to allow us to
    enter into the other person’s perspective.
    Qualitative interviewing begins with the
    assumption that the perspective of others is
    meaningful, knowable, and able to be made
    explicit” (Patton, 2002:341)
    Outline
    • Complexities of interviews
    • Types of interviews
    • Interview questions
    • Positionality
    • Interview techniques
    Complexities
    • The interview is a staple of social-scientific
    research.
    • Whilst it may seem straightforward, the
    practice of interviewing and the data it
    generates pose various challenges:
    – Competence of interviewee
    – Technical complexities
    – Epistemological complexity
    (Gubrium et. al., 2012)
    Types of Interviews
    Interviews differ depending on the types of
    questioning used
    Decide this prior to interview in planning
    research methods/methodology
    • Closed/fixed-response interview
    • Open-ended interview – mostly same
    questions asked to all interviewees but can
    choose how answer
    • Informal/conversational interview
    The development of the questions you ask takes
    into consideration:

    • the focus of your inquiry (research question)


    • what you want to learn from the person
    you're speaking with
    • how much time you have and the kind of
    access you have
    • how much you already know about your
    question, and how to manage this knowledge
    Research questions vs. interview questions

    • Research questions are not the same as interview


    questions
    • A research question is based in theory and derived
    from certain concepts
    • These are not suitable for interview questions
    • Eg. How do power and privilege affect the role of
    internal third party intervention?
    – What is your role when you accompany Palestinians?
    – Can you describe the relationship between you and the Palestinians you resist
    alongside?
    – Do any tensions arise during the activities?
    A good question

    1) ‘…they elicit full, rich, and personalised


    stories from participants, and encourage
    them to volunteer their reflections on their
    experiences.’

    2) ‘…they provide material directly related to


    the interview topics’.
    (Magnusson and Marecek, 2015:53).
    Ways of framing open-ended questions and requests

    • Can you tell me about a time when ...?


    • Could you tell me what happened when ...?
    • Can you give me a specific example of ...?
    • I’d like you to tell me about what you did yesterday.
    • I wonder if you have ever experienced X.
    • What was your experience of X like?
    • How do you think X came about?
    • I’d like you to tell me about how X happened.
    • I’d like to know what you think about X.
    (Magnusson and Marecek, 2015:55).
    Positionality
    The fact that a researcher’s social, cultural and subject positions
    (and other psychological processes) affect:
    1. the questions they ask [and] how they frame them
    2. their relations with those they research in the field
    or through interviews [and] interpretations they
    place on empirical evidence
    3. access to data, institutions and outlets for research
    dissemination; and
    4. the likelihood that they will be listened to and heard.
    (Gregory et al., 2009:556)
    Reflexivity
    • Reflexivity is a process (and it should be a
    continuing process) of reflecting on how the
    researcher could be influencing a research
    project.
    • Need to be conscious of our positionality as
    researchers and make these explicit within the
    research paper through reflexive comments
    Interview Techniques
    Interview Techniques
    • Good rapport is imperative
    • Being a good interviewer means being an
    active-listener

    • Participants will only talk candidly if they


    – Feel comfortable in the space
    – Trust the interviewer
    – Feel secure about confidentiality
    – Believe the interviewer is interested in their story
    – Do not feel judged
    Beginning
    • Put the participant at ease and create a good working relationship
    • Pay attention to their language style and adjust yours accordingly
    • Introduce the study and goals
    – Overview of study
    – Why participant chosen
    – Procedures
    – Privacy issues

    Main body
    • Engage in active listening - probes
    • Keep track of time

    Conclusion
    • Often comes to a natural close
    • Is there anything else you would like to tell me?
    • Thank the interviewee
    Recap
    • Interviews are not straightforward
    conversations between two people
    • Technical and epistemological complexities
    can affect the quality of the data
    • The positionality of the interviewer is
    significant and should be reflected upon
    References
    • Patton, M.Q. (2015). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (4th
    ed.) Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
    • Gubrium, J., & Holstein, J. (Eds.). (2012). Handbook of Interview Research:
    The Complexity of the Craft. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    • Gregory, D. et al. (1999). The dictionary of human geography. Oxford:


    Blackwell Publishing.

    • Magnusson and Marecek (2015). Doing Interview-based Qualitative


    Research – A Learner’s Guide. Cambridge University Press

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