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Temperature and Heat: Heat Is A Flow of Energy Due To Temperature Differences

1) Heat is the flow of energy from warmer objects to cooler objects due to temperature differences. Temperature depends on the kinetic energy of particles - the faster they move, the higher the temperature. 2) Thermometers can measure temperature because substances inside expand or contract regularly with changes in temperature. Heat is transferred between objects via conduction, convection, or radiation. 3) Conduction involves direct contact, convection occurs through fluid movement, and radiation uses electromagnetic waves. Heat flows until temperatures are equal.

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Pelentina Simangunsong
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125 views16 pages

Temperature and Heat: Heat Is A Flow of Energy Due To Temperature Differences

1) Heat is the flow of energy from warmer objects to cooler objects due to temperature differences. Temperature depends on the kinetic energy of particles - the faster they move, the higher the temperature. 2) Thermometers can measure temperature because substances inside expand or contract regularly with changes in temperature. Heat is transferred between objects via conduction, convection, or radiation. 3) Conduction involves direct contact, convection occurs through fluid movement, and radiation uses electromagnetic waves. Heat flows until temperatures are equal.

Uploaded by

Pelentina Simangunsong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Temperature and Heat

Heat is a flow of energy due to


temperature differences
Temperature Depends on Particle
Movement!
• All matter is made up of atoms that are
moving…even solid objects have atoms that
are vibrating.

• The motion from the atoms gives the object


energy.
The Kinetic Theory of Matter
• All of the particles that make up matter are constantly in motion

• Solid= vibrating atoms


• Liquid= flowing atoms
• Gas= move freely
• Plasma=
move incredibly
fast and freely
Temperature

•The Measure of
the average
kinetic energy of
all the particles
in the object
•The atoms mass
and speed
determine the
temperature of
the object
Temperature
• Temperature is measured
in units called degrees
(oC,F,K)

• Fahrenheit: Water freezes


32oF and boils at 212oF

• Celsius: Water freezes at


0oC and boils at 100oC
How does a Thermometer Work?
• The thermometer can measure temperature
because the substance of the liquid inside
always expands (increases) or contracts
(decreases) by a certain amount due to a
change in temperature.
Thermal
Expansion
• All gases, liquids, and most
solids expand when their
temperature increases.
Joints such as
this one are
• This is why bridges are built used in
with short segments with bridges to
accommodate
small breaks to allow for
thermal
expansion expansion.
(Reproduced by
permission of
JLM Visuals)
Energy Flows from Warmer to Cooler
Objects
• Heat: the flow of energy from an object at a
higher temperature to an object at a lower
temperature.

• Thermal Energy: total random kinetic energy


of particles in an object.
Measuring Heat
• Heat is measured by the units of calorie and
joule (J).

• calorie: The amount of energy needed to raise


the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1oC

• 1 calorie= 4.18 J
Some substances change temperature
more easily than others.

• Specific Heat: the


amount of energy
required to raise the
temperature of 1 gram
of a substance by 1oC
The Transfer of Energy as Heat.
• Energy moves heat in three ways

• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation
Conduction

• The process that moves energy from one object to


another when they are touching physically.

• Conductors: materials that transfer energy easily.

• Insulators: materials that do not transfer energy easily.

• Examples: hot cup of cocoa transfers heat energy to cold


hands
Convection
• The process that
transfers energy by
the movement of
large numbers of
particles in the same
direction within a
liquid or gas.

• Cycle in Nature

• Boiling water and


heating a room
Convection in
Nature
1. Cooler denser air sinks and
flows under the warmer air
(less dense) to push the
warmer air upward

1. As the warmer air rises it cools


and becomes more dense

2. This cooling and movement of


warmer air upward creates the
cycle of convection
Radiation
• The energy that
travels by
electromagnetic waves
(visible light,
microwaves, and
infrared light)

• Radiation from the


sun strikes the
atoms in your body
and transfers energy
Conduction Convection Radiation

•Energy •Occurs in •Energy


transferred by gases and transferred by
direct contact liquids electromagnetic
waves (visible
•Energy flows •Movement of light,
directly from large number microwaves,
warmer to of particles in infrared)
cooler objects same direction
•All objects
•Continues •Cycle occurs radiate energy
until object while
temperatures temperature •Can transfer
are equal differences energy through
exist empty space

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