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    Research Approaches: Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 1

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    ALI Jaquar
    The document discusses qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Qualitative research uses unstructured data collection like interviews and observations to understand human behavior. Quantitative research uses structured data collection like surveys and experiments to quantify variables and test hypotheses statistically. Both have advantages and disadvantages depending on the type of questions being asked and data needed. The document provides details on the characteristics, methods, and differences between qualitative and quantitative research.

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    Research Approaches: Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 1

    Uploaded by

    ALI Jaquar
    33 views19 pages
    The document discusses qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Qualitative research uses unstructured data collection like interviews and observations to understand human behavior. Quantitative research uses structured data collection like surveys and experiments to quantify variables and test hypotheses statistically. Both have advantages and disadvantages depending on the type of questions being asked and data needed. The document provides details on the characteristics, methods, and differences between qualitative and quantitative research.

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    Research Approaches(3)

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    The document discusses qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Qualitative research uses unstructured data collection like interviews and observations to understand human behavior. Quantitative research uses structured data collection like surveys and experiments to quantify variables and test hypotheses statistically. Both have advantages and disadvantages depending on the type of questions being asked and data needed. The document provides details on the characteristics, methods, and differences between qualitative and quantitative research.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    33 views19 pages

    Research Approaches: Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 1

    Uploaded by

    ALI Jaquar
    The document discusses qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Qualitative research uses unstructured data collection like interviews and observations to understand human behavior. Quantitative research uses structured data collection like surveys and experiments to quantify variables and test hypotheses statistically. Both have advantages and disadvantages depending on the type of questions being asked and data needed. The document provides details on the characteristics, methods, and differences between qualitative and quantitative research.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Research Approaches

    Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 1


    Introduction Research Skills Research Type of Research
    77thth week
    week exam
    exam
    (1 & 2) and Steps (3) Approaches (4) (5 & 6)

    Research topic / Research


    Research Proposal Literature review
    12
    12 week
    week exam
    th
    th
    exam Research
    (10) (9) Ethics (8)
    introduction (11)

    Research Research
    Presentation Skills
    problem/question conclusion and Final
    Final Exam
    Exam
    (15)
    /objective (13) abstract (14)

    Writing
    Writing –– Methodology
    Methodology –– Researcher
    Researcher -- Exams
    Exams

    Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 2


    Researches
    On a broader perspective, all researches can be classified into two
    groups

    Qualitative Researchers

    Quantitative Researches

    Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 3


    Researches

    • A choice between research methods rests fundamentally on a set of decisions


    about the questions a researcher wants to answer and the practicality of gathering
    the kind of data that will answer those questions.
    • The first step is to look for an obvious fit.
    • Although there are a number of soft differences between the two types of
    methods, there is one very important distinction.
    • Quantitative research is deductive and hinges on the presence of a hypothesis,
    which is identified before research begins.
    • Qualitative research is inductive and does not require a hypothesis to start the
    research process.

    Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 4


    Qualitative vs Quantitative

    Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 5


    Qualitative Research
    • In statistics, qualitative data—sometimes referred to as
    categorical data.
    • It is data that can be arranged into categories based on physical
    characters, gender, colors or anything that does not have a
    number associated with it.
    • Qualitative research is dealing with phenomenon that are
    difficult or impossible to quantify mathematically such as
    beliefs, meanings, attributes and symbols.

    Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 6


    Qualitative Research

    • Qualitative Research is primarily exploratory research.


    • It aim to gather in-depth understanding of human behavior and
    the reasons that govern such behavior..
    • It investigates the why and how of decision making ,not just
    what, where and when.

    Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 7


    Qualitative Research

    • Some common methods include:


    • Focus groups (group discussions).
    • Individual interviews,
    • and participation/observations.

    The sample size is typically small, and individuals are selected to fulfil a given
    quota.

    Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 8


    Qualitative Research

    Examples of qualitative data


    • The hair colors of players on a football team,
    • The color of cars in a parking place.
    • The letter grades of students in a classroom.
    • The types of coins in a jar.
    • The shape of candies in a variety pack.
    • All are examples of qualitative data as long as a particular number is not
    assigned to any of these descriptions.
    Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 9
    Characteristics Of Qualitative Research

    • Ask broad, general questions.


    • Collecting data consisting largely of words (text) or
    images(pictures).
    • Descriptions and analysis of words in sake of topics.
    • Conducts questions in subjective, biased manner.
    Advantages of Qualitative Research
    • Useful during the early stages of a study when the researcher may be unsure of
    exactly what will be studied or what to focus on.

    • Does not need a strict design plan before it begins, which gives the freedom to let
    the study develop more naturally.

    • Gains more detailed and rich data in the form of comprehensive written
    descriptions or visual evidence, such as photographs.

    Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 11


    Disadvantages of Qualitative Research
    • It is not a statistically representative form of data collection. ...
    • It relies upon the experience of the researcher. ...
    • It can lose data. ...
    • It may require multiple sessions(time consuming). ...
    • It can be difficult to replicate results. ...
    • It can create misleading conclusions.

    Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 12


    Quantitative Research

    Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 13


    Quantitative Research

    • Quantitative Research is used to quantify the problem by way of


    generating numerical data.
    • Or data that can be transformed into useable statistics.
    • It is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined
    variables.
    • And generalize results from a larger sample population

    Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 14


    Quantitative Research

    •  Quantitative Research uses measurable data to formulate facts and


    uncover patterns in research.
    • Quantitative data collection methods are much more structured than
    Qualitative data collection methods.
    • It include various forms of surveys – online surveys, paper surveys,
    mobile surveys and face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews,
    online polls, and systematic observations.

    Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 15


    Types of Quantitative research
    • There are four main types of Quantitative research:
    • Descriptive,
    • Correlational,
    • Semi-Experimental (ex-post facto)
    •  Experimental Research.

    Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 16


    Advantages of Quantitative Research
    • Allows the researcher to measure and analyze data.
    • Relationship between an independent and dependent variable is
    studied in detail, which is advantageous because the researcher is more
    objective about the findings of the research.
    • Used to test hypotheses in experiments because of its ability to
    measure data using statistics

    Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 17


    Disadvantages of Quantitative Research
    • A large sample of the population must be studied for more accurate
    results (n).
    • Difficulty setting up a research model.
    • Can be misleading.
    • results are limited as they provide numerical descriptions rather than
    detailed narrative and generally provide less elaborate accounts of
    human perception.

    Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 18


    Quantitative Qualitative
    Research Research

    Structured Data Unstructured Data

    Statistical Analysis Summary

    Objective Subjective
    Conclusions Conclusions

    Interview, focus
    Surveys, Experiments
    groups, observations

    Research Methodology - Prof. Eman Siam 19

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