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Pres5 - Single Instance Architecture

An Oracle instance consists of a System Global Area (SGA) shared memory and background processes. The SGA and processes together provide the interface between users and data. An instance must be started to access an Oracle database. The database itself is the storage component containing control files, redo logs, and data files. A user interacts with a user process, which interacts with a server process associated with an Oracle instance, allowing access to the database storage.

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120 views13 pages

Pres5 - Single Instance Architecture

An Oracle instance consists of a System Global Area (SGA) shared memory and background processes. The SGA and processes together provide the interface between users and data. An instance must be started to access an Oracle database. The database itself is the storage component containing control files, redo logs, and data files. A user interacts with a user process, which interacts with a server process associated with an Oracle instance, allowing access to the database storage.

Uploaded by

Abdul Waheed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DBA

Database Administration
Oracle Architecture
Oracle architecture consists on two entities
• Database
– collection of data and supporting files on storage disks on host
computer
• Instance
– Every running Oracle database is associated with an Oracle
instance.
– When a database is started on a database Oracle allocates a
memory area called the System Global Area (SGA) and starts
one or more Oracle processes. This combination of the SGA
and the Oracle processes is called an Oracle instance.
What exactly instance is?
• While working with an Oracle RDBMS Server, the instance will provide
the interface between the user and the data he wants to manipulate.
• To do so, the Instance provides processes for client communication as
well as for data access. However, these processes, also called
background processes, would not be enough to provide an efficient
service and the RDBMS functionalities such as the ACID (Atomicity,
Consistency, Isolation, and Durability) principle for transaction system.
Therefore, the instance is also composed of several memory buffers and
caches.
• Basically an instance can be divided in 3 part:
–System Global Area (SGA)
–Program Global Area (PGA)
–Background processes
Continued….
• An Oracle instance contains the set of Oracle Database
background processes that operate on the stored data and the
shared allocated memory that those processes use to do their
work.
• An instance must be started to read and write information to the
database. It is the instance that actually creates the database
upon receipt of instructions from the Oracle Database
Configuration Assistant (DBCA) utility or
the CREATE DATABASE SQL statement.
• When the database instance is not available, your data is safe in
the database, but it cannot be accessed by any user or
application.
Oracle Instance vs Other DBs Instance
• Oracle instance is different from other DBs like MS
SQL Server, MySQL or IBM DB2
– Collection of databases in one instance that shares
common memory
– One-to-Many relationship between instance and
database
• Relationship between instance and DB in oracle is
either
– One-to-one OR
– Many-to-one
Oracle Instance Relationship
• One-to-one
– One instance per database
• Many-to-one
– Real Application Clusters (RAC)
– Database lives on shared disks
– Instance on multiple computers attach to the db.
Instance
• Memory
– System Global Area (SGA): Shared memory
segments provided by operating systems
– Program Global Area (PGA): Non-shared memory
area associated with server processes.
• Processes
– Background: The processes that make up the
instance called background processes
– Foreground: The server processes
What exactly is the Database?

• The Oracle Database is the storage part of the


RDBMS server. One differentiates between the
physical and the logical storage.
• The database is composed of 3 file types:
– controlfile
– online redo log
– datafile
User & Oracle Interaction
User & Oracle Interaction
• The architecture of a single-instance database
consisting of four interacting components:
– A user interacts with a user process.
– A user process interacts with a server process.
– A server process interacts with an instance.
– An instance interacts with a database.

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