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Measurement Scale: Ma Iii Social Statistics

There are four types of measurement scales: 1) Nominal scale classifies objects into categories without numerical differences. 2) Ordinal scale includes order but not numerical distances between categories. 3) Interval scale has equal distances between values but an arbitrary zero point. 4) Ratio scale has a true zero point and equal distances, allowing ratio comparisons.

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190 views15 pages

Measurement Scale: Ma Iii Social Statistics

There are four types of measurement scales: 1) Nominal scale classifies objects into categories without numerical differences. 2) Ordinal scale includes order but not numerical distances between categories. 3) Interval scale has equal distances between values but an arbitrary zero point. 4) Ratio scale has a true zero point and equal distances, allowing ratio comparisons.

Uploaded by

Abd ur Rehman Vlogs & Videos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Measurement Scale

MA III SOCIAL STATISTICS


Measurement
Scale
Measurement means
• assigning numbers or other symbols to observation or objects according to certain pre-
specified rules. 
Scale
• Scaling is a process of measuring
Different rules leads to different kind of scale and different kind of measurement for example
liquid measure in litter milliliter etc
Solid measure in kilogram
Measurement • Four types of measurement scale is defined
 Nominal
Scale Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
Which can be characterized on the basis of four
different ways
Description
Order
Distance
Origin
Measurement Description
• By description, we mean the unique labels or
Scale descriptors that are used to designate each value of the
scale. All scales possess description

Order
• By order, we mean the relative sizes or positions of the
descriptors. Order is denoted by descriptors such as
greater than, less than, and equal to.
Measurement Distance
• By distance means that absolute differences between
Scale the scale descriptors are known and may be expressed
in units.

Origin
• By origin characteristic means that the scale has a
unique or fixed beginning or true zero point.
Measurement • Scales of Measurement
• Nominal
Scale • Ordinal
Qualitative measures – classify into nonnumeric
categories

• Interval
• Ratio
Quantitative measures – measurement is numerical
Nominal Nominal Scale

Scale • Weakest of four measurement scale


• The nominal scale classify one object to another on the
basis of description, labels, names, qualitative
categories
• Assign responses to different categories
• No numerical difference between categories
• Used for identification
Nominal Examples
• Gender
Scale • Marital status
• State of residence
• Zip code
• Student ID
• Religion
• Specialization
• Nationality
Ordinal Scale • Ordinal Scale
• Includes the characteristics of nominal scale
• Objects or events measured on the basis of relative
importance
• Set of categories that are ordered from least to most
• Don’t know numerical distance from each category to
the next
Ordinal Scale • Examples
• Miss America results –
first place, runner-up, second, third
• Military rank
• Letter grade in class
• Degrees held Medical condition (satisfactory, serious,
guarded, critical)
• Rank order of your preference from 1 to 4
• Rating
Interval Scale Interval Scale
• Scale with values, and there is the same numerical
distance between each value
• This scale has an arbitrary zero point (no true
meaningful zero point)
Interval Scale • Examples
• Current temperature
• Many behavioural science questionnaires
• IQ
• Performance of student
Ratio Scale Ratio Scale
Scale with scores where there is the same numerical
distance between each score
The scale has a true, meaningful zero point
Only scale that allows you to make ratio comparisons,
Ratio Scale • Examples
• Weight of a package of candy
• Number of times you return to a restaurant after
visiting it the first time
• Amount of money in your checking account
• Number of questions correct on a quiz
• Distance from Lahore to Sargodha
• Age, height, time, salary, heart beat

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