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04 - Data Communication

This document provides a summary of data communication and networking concepts in 3 paragraphs or less: Data communication allows for the transfer of data between two devices using networks. Networks provide connectivity and communication services that allow two endpoints to exchange information using agreed upon protocols. Common protocols include HTTP which is used to request and transfer web pages between clients and servers. Data is encoded digitally for transmission and storage using character encoding standards like ASCII and Unicode which map characters to numeric codes for processing by computers. OSI model is a framework for networking that defines protocols for communication between devices.

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64 views15 pages

04 - Data Communication

This document provides a summary of data communication and networking concepts in 3 paragraphs or less: Data communication allows for the transfer of data between two devices using networks. Networks provide connectivity and communication services that allow two endpoints to exchange information using agreed upon protocols. Common protocols include HTTP which is used to request and transfer web pages between clients and servers. Data is encoded digitally for transmission and storage using character encoding standards like ASCII and Unicode which map characters to numeric codes for processing by computers. OSI model is a framework for networking that defines protocols for communication between devices.

Uploaded by

Nur Syahirah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.

0 DATA COMMUNICATION

School of Education
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities
4.1
DATA COMMUNICATION
Data Communication

• Data Communications
between two devices
• Networks provide
networking services
between two entities
• The communications
between two end-
points uses Protocol

3
1. The user clicks on a link to indicate which document is to be
retrieved.

The browser must determine the address that contains the


2. document. It does this by sending a query to its local name
server.

3. Once the address is known the browser establishes a connection to


the specified machine, usually a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
connection. In order for the connection to be successful, the
specified machine must be ready to accept TCP connections.

4.
The browser runs a client version of HTTP, which issues a request
specifying both the name of the document and the possible
document formats it can handle.

5. The machine that contains the requested document runs a server


version of HTTP. It reacts to the HTTP request by sending an HTTP
response which contains the desired document in the appropriate
format.

6.
The TCP connection is then closed and the user may view
the document.

Figure 1.4 - Introduces topic


Data Communication

Request

HTTP HTTP
client server
Response

Figure 2.1
Data Communication

6
4.2
OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECT
(OSI) MODEL
OSI Model

8
4.3
CHARACTER CODES
ASCII

• It is an acronym for the American Standard Code


for Information Interchange.
• It is a standard seven-bit code that was first
proposed by the American National Standards
Institute or ANSI in 1963, and finalized in 1968 as
ANSI Standard X3.4.
• The purpose of ASCII was to provide a standard to
code various symbols ( visible and invisible
symbols)
10
ASCII

• Bytes can represent any


collection of items using a
“look-up table” approach
• ASCII is used to represent
characters
ASCII

• In the ASCII character set, each binary value


between 0 and 127 represents a specific character.
• Most computers extend the ASCII character set to
use the full range of 256 characters available in a
byte. The upper 128 characters handle special
things like accented characters from common
foreign languages.
ASCII
• Externally, it appears that human beings will use
natural languages symbols to communicate with
computer.
• But internally, computer will convert everything
into binary data.
• Then process all information in binary world.
• Finally, computer will convert binary information
to human understandable languages.
Unicode

• A worldwide character-encoding standard


• Its main objective is to enable a single, unique
character set that is capable of supporting all
characters from all scripts, as well as symbols, that
are commonly utilized for computer processing
throughout the globe
• Fun fact: Unicode is capable of encoding about at
least 1,110,000 characters!

14
Unicode Text Encoding Examples
Character Code Point UTF-16 UTF-8
a U+0061 0061 61
ä U+00E4 00E4 C3 A0
σ U+03C3 03C3 CF 83
‫א‬ U+05D0 05D0 D7 90
٣ U+0663 0663 D9 A3
カ U+30AB 30AB E3 82 AB
退 U+9000 9000 E9 80 80
𡯁 U+21BC1 D846 DFC1 F0 A1 AF 81

11/20/2020 Unicode Overview 15

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