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Methods Approaches: Teaching English Second LANGUAGE

The document discusses various approaches, methods, procedures and techniques for teaching English as a second language. It defines the key terms and provides examples of several common methods including: the grammar translation method which focuses on grammar rules and translation; the direct method which uses only the target language; the audio-lingual method which uses behaviorist learning techniques like drills; and the communicative method which emphasizes communication over grammar rules. It also outlines some less common methods such as total physical response, the silent way, and desuggestopedia.

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Јана Пашовска
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66 views15 pages

Methods Approaches: Teaching English Second LANGUAGE

The document discusses various approaches, methods, procedures and techniques for teaching English as a second language. It defines the key terms and provides examples of several common methods including: the grammar translation method which focuses on grammar rules and translation; the direct method which uses only the target language; the audio-lingual method which uses behaviorist learning techniques like drills; and the communicative method which emphasizes communication over grammar rules. It also outlines some less common methods such as total physical response, the silent way, and desuggestopedia.

Uploaded by

Јана Пашовска
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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METHODS AND APPROACHES

in
TEACHING ENGLISH
AS A
second LANGUAGE
Approaches, methods, procedures, and
techniques

• Approach/-es :

- theories about the nature of language and


learning

- serve/-s as the basis for methods and


strategies in language teaching
Approaches, methods, procedures, and
techniques

Method :
-practical realization of an approach
-include various procedures and techniques

Procedure :
-ordered sequence of techniques
-smaller than a method/bigger than a
technique
• Technique :

– classroom device or activity/the narrowest of


the four concepts
– E.g. dictation, role-play, repetition, etc.
The Grammar – Translation Method
 used by language teachers for many years.

 called Classical Method/first used in the


teaching of the classical languages, i.e. Latin
and Greek
The Grammar – Translation Method
• mother tongue (L1),with little active use of the
target language (L2);

• Vocabulary – isolated word lists;

• complex explanations of grammar;

• Text reading is emphasized/ little attention paid to


the content and/or context
Direct Method

• reaction to the Grammar Translation Method;

• No use of the mother tongue (only L2);

• many dialogues, anecdotes, interactive games, etc.

• grammar is learned inductively;

• texts are read for pleasure;


Audio-lingual Method

• Relied on the Behaviourist models of learning using the Stimulus-


Response-Reinforcement pattern
• positive reinforcement

• good habits

• drills

• Dominant usage of L2

• Both grammar and vocabulary are emphasized

• Inductive presentation of rules


The Communicative (Approach) Method
Communicative Teaching

• critical reaction to the formal and boring types of exercises used


under the audiolingual approach (‘drill-and-kill’ exercises)
• puts the focus on communicative interaction in class

• Real contexts; authentic materials

• L2 domination

• Importance of target culture


Total Physical Response

• students respond with physical activity to teacher


commands
• TPR includes but is not limited to the following: pointing,
gesturing, touching, pantomime, etc.
• Usually with lower levels (learners)
• Relaxed classroom, enjoyment
The Silent Way

• Teacher is silent
• Students are responsible (for their progress)
• teaching subordinated to learning
• Students gain autonomy by exploring
language
Community-Language Learning

• Holistic
• Experiences sharing
• Teacher is a counselor
• Plenty of communication
• L2 domination
• Peer correction; bond between learners
Desuggestopedia

• help students overcome the barriers to learning.


• Stimulates the whole person
• Undoes blocks
• Goes rapidly forward
• Gives creative solution
• Encourages relaxation
• Strengthens self-image
• Talks to all the senses
Desuggestopedia

• Optimizes learning
• Propagates talent
• Enhances learning
• Dramatises material
• Includes pictures, music and movement
• Addresses the whole person
Content-based Learning

• Content-based instruction

• Task-based instruction

• Activity Time

• Problem solving

• Students actively involved

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