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    Finite Element Modeling of Foot (Previous Work)

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    Ashutosh Verma
    This study developed a finite element model of the human foot and ankle using 3D geometry of skeletal and soft tissues. It investigated the effect of soft tissue stiffness on plantar pressure distributions and load transfer between bones. The results showed that a five-fold increase in soft tissue stiffness led to a 35% increase in peak plantar pressure and a 33% increase in rear foot pressure, along with a 47% decrease in total contact area. Peak bone stress increased minimally by 7% with stiffening. Topology optimization was used to optimize the design of a foot pad based on the stress values obtained.

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    Finite Element Modeling of Foot (Previous Work)

    Uploaded by

    Ashutosh Verma
    29 views10 pages
    This study developed a finite element model of the human foot and ankle using 3D geometry of skeletal and soft tissues. It investigated the effect of soft tissue stiffness on plantar pressure distributions and load transfer between bones. The results showed that a five-fold increase in soft tissue stiffness led to a 35% increase in peak plantar pressure and a 33% increase in rear foot pressure, along with a 47% decrease in total contact area. Peak bone stress increased minimally by 7% with stiffening. Topology optimization was used to optimize the design of a foot pad based on the stress values obtained.

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    This study developed a finite element model of the human foot and ankle using 3D geometry of skeletal and soft tissues. It investigated the effect of soft tissue stiffness on plantar pressure distributions and load transfer between bones. The results showed that a five-fold increase in soft tissue stiffness led to a 35% increase in peak plantar pressure and a 33% increase in rear foot pressure, along with a 47% decrease in total contact area. Peak bone stress increased minimally by 7% with stiffening. Topology optimization was used to optimize the design of a foot pad based on the stress values obtained.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    29 views10 pages

    Finite Element Modeling of Foot (Previous Work)

    Uploaded by

    Ashutosh Verma
    This study developed a finite element model of the human foot and ankle using 3D geometry of skeletal and soft tissues. It investigated the effect of soft tissue stiffness on plantar pressure distributions and load transfer between bones. The results showed that a five-fold increase in soft tissue stiffness led to a 35% increase in peak plantar pressure and a 33% increase in rear foot pressure, along with a 47% decrease in total contact area. Peak bone stress increased minimally by 7% with stiffening. Topology optimization was used to optimize the design of a foot pad based on the stress values obtained.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Finite Element Analysis

    of Human Foot.
    Introduction.

    • The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive FE model of the foot and ankle, using 3D actual
    geometry of both skeletal and soft tissues components and to investigate the effect of soft tissue stiffness on the
    plantar pressure distributions and the internal load transfer between bony structures.[2]
    • The effects of soft tissue stiffening on the stress distribution of the plantar surface and bony structures during
    balanced standing were investigated. Increases of soft tissue stiffness from 2 and up to 5 times the normal values
    were used to approximate the pathologically stiffened tissue behavior with increasing stages of diabetic
    neuropathy. [2] 
    • The results showed that a five-fold increase in soft tissue stiffness led to about 35% and 33% increase in the peak
    plantar pressure at the forefoot and rear foot regions, respectively. This corresponded to about 47% decrease in
    the total contact area between the plantar foot and the horizontal support surface. Peak bone stress was found at
    the third metatarsal in all calculated cases with a minimal increase of about 7% with soft tissue stiffening.
    Methodology

     Preprocessing
     Solution
     Post processing 
    a) Preprocessing
    • 3 D Modeling & Meshing.
    • Geometry Details.
    1. https://grabcad.com/library/human-foot-1
    2. https://grabcad.com/library/foot-bone-1
    Material Properties.

    Bone is assigned with structural steel.


    Surface model of foot (hyper elastic Non-Linear Elastomer sample yeon) [1].
    For foot support silicon rubber pad is used [3]. Material properties are obtained by curve fitting of experimental data [3].

    Figure 1 Experimental Stress-Strain data for muscle [1]


    Results.
    Results are derived using finite element solution subjected to following boundary condition.
    Point Load acting on the foot = 350 N
    Assuming whole body weight is equally distributed on both leg) [2].
    Tibial force + Achilles tendon force + gravitational force = 50% BW.
     

    Figure 2 Von Mice's Stress Calculated and Compared with Experimental results. [2]
    Foot insole(support) is fixed and displacement of 5 mm is assign to foot with a initial velocity of 0.03 m/s. The
    superior surface of the soft tissue, distal tibia and fibula was fixed throughout the analysis while the point of load
    application at the center of pressure was allowed to move in the vertical direction only.

    Figure 3 Deformation Calculated and Compared with Experimental results. [2]


    Figure 4 Von Mice's Stress Calculated and Compared with Experimental results. [2]
    Figure 5 Normal Stress Calculated and Compared with Experimental results. [2]
    Topology Optimization of foot pad. (For The Desired Value of Stress Obtained)

    Figure 6 Topology Optimization of the Inner Surface On The Basis of obtained Values.
    References.

    1) Mohammad, Akrami · Zhihui Qian, · Zhemin Zou, Subject-specific finite element modelling of the human foot
    complex during walking: sensitivity analysis of material properties, boundary and loading conditions. Biomech
    Model Mechanobiol DOI 10.1007/s10237-017-0978-3.
    2) Jason Tak-Man, Cheunga , MingZhanga, Aaron Kam-Lun Leunga , Yu-Bo Fanb. 2005, Three-dimensional
    finite element analysis of the foot during standing—a material sensitivity study. Journal of Biomechanics 38
    (2005) 1045–1054.
    3) Mahesh. C. C, Ramachandran. K. I. 2018. Finite element modelling of functionally graded elastomers for the
    application of diabetic footwear. Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 16367–16377.

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