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Signals and Systems Lecture #1

The document discusses Fourier transforms and properties including the discrete time Fourier transform (DTFT) and continuous time Fourier transform (CTFT). It provides examples of these transforms and properties such as convolution, differentiation/shift, multiplication, Parseval's theorem, and time shifting. The next topic will be sampling.

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54 views34 pages

Signals and Systems Lecture #1

The document discusses Fourier transforms and properties including the discrete time Fourier transform (DTFT) and continuous time Fourier transform (CTFT). It provides examples of these transforms and properties such as convolution, differentiation/shift, multiplication, Parseval's theorem, and time shifting. The next topic will be sampling.

Uploaded by

hakkem b
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Signals and Systems

Spring 2003
Lecture #11
Jacob White
(Slides thanks to A. Willsky, T. Weiss,
Q. Hu, and D. Boning)

“Figures and images used in these lecture notes by permission,


copyright 1997 by Alan V. Oppenheim and Alan S. Willsky”

1
Fourier Transform Review

• The DT and CT Fourier Transforms


• Examples of DT and CT Transforms
• DT and CT Properties
• Next time – Sampling (Chapter 7)

2
DT and CT Fourier Transform Equations

DT Transform CT Transform

•Discrete  Continuous •Continuous Continuous


•Transform 2pi periodic •Strong Duality
3
4
Examples
Square pulse in time and LPF in frequency domain

5
DTFT of Rectangular Pulse

FIR LPF

6
Ideal DT LPF

7
8
CT Fourier Transform of Cosine

9
DTFT of Sine Function

10
CT FT Impulse Train (Sampling Function)

Note: (period in t) T
(period in ) 2/T

11
12
DTFT of DT Unit Sample Train

— Also periodic impulse train – in the frequency domain!


13
FT Properties
FT Convolution Property

• CT

•DT

14
CT Convolution Example

15
16
DT Convolution Example

17
Differentiation/Shift Property

• CT

•DT

18
CT LTI Systems of LCCDE’s
(Linear-constant-coefficient differential equations)

Using the Differentiation Property

1) Rational, can use


PFE to get h(t)
2) If X(j) is rational
e.g.
then Y(j) is also rational
19
20
DT LTI System Described by LCCDE’s

Rational function
of e-j,
use PFE to get h[n]

21
CT Multiplication Property

The CTFT has the duality property,

thus if

then the other


way around is
also true

22
Examples of the CTFT Multiplication Property

23
24
CTFT Multiplication Property Example (continued)

25
DTFT Multiplication Property

26
Example:

27
28
CT and DT Parsevals

•CT:

•DT:
Total energy in Total energy in
time domain frequency domain

29
DT Time and Frequency Shifting

— Important implications in DT because of periodicity

Example

30
DT Time Expansion
7) Time Expansion Time scale in CT is
Recall CT property: infinitely fine
But in DT: x[n/2] makes no sense
x[2n] misses odd values of x[n]
But we can “slow” a DT signal down by inserting zeros:
k — an integer ≥ 1
x(k)[n] — insert (k - 1) zeros between successive values

Insert two zeros


in this example

31
32
DT Time Expansion (continued)

— Stretched by a factor
of k in time domain

— compressed by a factor
of k in frequency domain

33
Conclusions
• DTFT maps from discrete-time function to
continuous frequency function CTFT maps from a
continuous function to a continuous function.
• CTFT has duality.
• DTFT is 2pi periodic.
• DTFT and CTFT have many properties in common.
• Next time – Sampling (Chapter 7).

34

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