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    Chemical Engineering Plant Design: Process Plant Hazards and Safety

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    adnan
    This document discusses process plant hazards and safety in chemical engineering. It outlines several key points: 1. Process plants can pose both safety and health hazards. Safety hazards cause immediate injury while health hazards have long-term, low exposure effects. Toxicity is measured by LD50 tests on animals. 2. Recommended exposure limits are published by organizations like OSHA, ACGIH, NIOSH. Fire and explosions are major dangers and require the fire triangle. Material properties also impact these risks. 3. Plants use passive and active fire protection systems. Passive systems are pre-installed while active systems require responses. Hazard control focuses on design, equipment, personnel safety, and compliance with standards

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    Chemical Engineering Plant Design: Process Plant Hazards and Safety

    Uploaded by

    adnan
    39 views50 pages
    This document discusses process plant hazards and safety in chemical engineering. It outlines several key points: 1. Process plants can pose both safety and health hazards. Safety hazards cause immediate injury while health hazards have long-term, low exposure effects. Toxicity is measured by LD50 tests on animals. 2. Recommended exposure limits are published by organizations like OSHA, ACGIH, NIOSH. Fire and explosions are major dangers and require the fire triangle. Material properties also impact these risks. 3. Plants use passive and active fire protection systems. Passive systems are pre-installed while active systems require responses. Hazard control focuses on design, equipment, personnel safety, and compliance with standards

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    This document discusses process plant hazards and safety in chemical engineering. It outlines several key points: 1. Process plants can pose both safety and health hazards. Safety hazards cause immediate injury while health hazards have long-term, low exposure effects. Toxicity is measured by LD50 tests on animals. 2. Recommended exposure limits are published by organizations like OSHA, ACGIH, NIOSH. Fire and explosions are major dangers and require the fire triangle. Material properties also impact these risks. 3. Plants use passive and active fire protection systems. Passive systems are pre-installed while active systems require responses. Hazard control focuses on design, equipment, personnel safety, and compliance with standards

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    39 views50 pages

    Chemical Engineering Plant Design: Process Plant Hazards and Safety

    Uploaded by

    adnan
    This document discusses process plant hazards and safety in chemical engineering. It outlines several key points: 1. Process plants can pose both safety and health hazards. Safety hazards cause immediate injury while health hazards have long-term, low exposure effects. Toxicity is measured by LD50 tests on animals. 2. Recommended exposure limits are published by organizations like OSHA, ACGIH, NIOSH. Fire and explosions are major dangers and require the fire triangle. Material properties also impact these risks. 3. Plants use passive and active fire protection systems. Passive systems are pre-installed while active systems require responses. Hazard control focuses on design, equipment, personnel safety, and compliance with standards

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 50

    Chemical Engineering Plant Design

    Process Plant Hazards and Safety

    Engr. Dr. Farhan Javed


    Lecturer
    Chemical Engineering Department
    UET FSD Campus

    1
    Introduction to Hazard:
    HEALTH AND SAFETY HAZARDS
    • The potential health hazard to an individual by a material
    used in any chemical process is a function of
    1. Inherent toxicity of the material
    2. Frequency and duration of exposure.
    • A highly toxic material that causes immediate injury is
    classified as a safety hazard.
    • Material whose effect is only apparent after long exposure
    at low concentrations is considered as an industrial health
    and hygiene hazard.
    • The inherent toxicity of a material is measured by tests
    on animals and expressed as LD50 (Lethal dose fifty) value
    at which 50 percent of the test animals do not survive.
    TLVs:
    • Recommended TLV values are published by
    1. Occupational Safety and Health Agency(OSHA)
    2. American Conference of Governmental Industrial
    Hygienists (ACGIH)
    3. American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA)
    4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
    (NIOSH)
    5. United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive (HSE).
    Fire and Explosion Hazards:
    • Fire and explosion are the two most dangerous events
    likely to occur in a chemical plant.
    • These two hazards account for the major loss of life and
    property in the chemical and petroleum industry.
    • For a fire to occur, fire triangle must be completed.
    • Important material properties include
    Explosion Hazard:
    Fire Protection System: Contd..
    Fire-protection systems can be divided into two large
    categories
    • Passive
    Passive fire-protection systems do not require
    any action at the time of the fire. They are designed and
    installed at the time the plant is built and remain passively
    in place until needed.
    • Active
    Active systems include such agents as water
    sprays, foam, and dry chemicals; these require that some
    action be taken, either by plant personnel or as a response
    by an automatic fire-protection system.
    Plant Safety
    and Loss Prevention:
    Plant Hazards Control/Prevention:
    Industrial Hazard Control:
    Design:
    Equipment should be designed to meet the specifications
    and codes of recognized authorities such as
    • the American Standards Association
    • American Petroleum Institute
    • American Society for Testing Materials
    • Factory Mutual Laboratories
    • National Fire Protection Association
    • Underwriters’ Laboratories.
    • Possible sources of fire are reduced by eliminating all
    unnecessary ignition sources, such as flames, sparks, or
    heated materials. Matches, smoking, welding and
    cutting, static electricity.
    Personnel Safety
    • Every attempt should be made to incorporate facilities
    for health and safety protection of plant personnel in the
    original design.
    • This includes, but is not limited to, protected walkways,
    platforms, stairs, and work areas.
    • Physical hazards, if unavoidable, must be clearly defined.
    • All machinery must be guarded with protective devices.
    • In all cases, medical services and first-aid must be readily
    available for all workers.
    • Occupational Safety and Health Act
    • Two of the standards directly related to worker health
    and important in design work are Toxic Hazardous
    Substances and Occupational Noise Exposure.
    • The first of these two concerns the normal release of
    toxic and carcinogenic substances, carried via vapors,
    fumes, dust fibers, or other media.
    Plant Safety Layers:

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