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Practical Approach in Fatty Acid Distillation

This document provides information on the practical approach to fatty acid distillation. It discusses the basic principles of boiling point differences, condensation of vapors, and heat of evaporation. It describes the contents of crude fatty acids and how product quality depends on separating impurities like aldehydes, ketones, and air. It recommends operating temperatures below 260°C to prevent degradation and discusses options to improve the process like structured packing, falling film reboilers, and sealed pumps and connections to prevent air ingress. Finally, it outlines the main processing steps of degassing, dehydration, distillation, and pitch removal.

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Hari Krishna Shukla
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206 views15 pages

Practical Approach in Fatty Acid Distillation

This document provides information on the practical approach to fatty acid distillation. It discusses the basic principles of boiling point differences, condensation of vapors, and heat of evaporation. It describes the contents of crude fatty acids and how product quality depends on separating impurities like aldehydes, ketones, and air. It recommends operating temperatures below 260°C to prevent degradation and discusses options to improve the process like structured packing, falling film reboilers, and sealed pumps and connections to prevent air ingress. Finally, it outlines the main processing steps of degassing, dehydration, distillation, and pitch removal.

Uploaded by

Hari Krishna Shukla
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practical Approach in

Fatty Acid Distillation

Hari Krishna Shukla


Shutek Oleo S A, Costa Rica
Basic Principles
 Boiling point difference
 Boiling & Non boiling components

 Condensation of vapors

 Heat of evaporation

 Flashing

 Mechanical entrainment
Contents of crude fatty acids
 Aldehydes, methyle ketones, and unsaturated
hydrocarbons,(.01 to 0.1%)
 Dissolved air, (0.02 %)
 Moisture, (1 t0 3 %)
 Pitch from polymerization, (.01 to .1 %)
 Triglycerides. ( Subject to split degree)
 Fatty acids
Product quality

 Product quality in terms of color, heat


stability of distillates and yield depend on
the fact how far the process has separated
the by product of
 Aldehydes,
 Methyle ketones,
 Dissolved air and
 Unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Nature of fatty acids
 Highly heat sensitive ,
 Oxidation and

 Severe degradation if air


infiltration at elevated
temperature.
Operating temperature ?
 Prior to dissolved gases (air) removal
 140 °C Maximum
 Prior to low boiling by product removal
 200 ° C Even Skin temperature.
 For a maximum stress of 15 Min.
 240 °C for unsaturated fatty acids,
 250 °C for saturated fatty acids.

 For few seconds only


 260 °C and Never above 260 °C
Prevent air ingress
 Welded connections
 Clamped flanges with sealed welds.
 Tongue and groove flanges
 Improved gasket material

 Seal less pumps


 Canned motor pump
 Magnetic coupling pumps

 Welded fittings, instruments etc.


Options available
 Structured packing
 Reduced pressure drop
 Facilitates lower operating temperature.
 Falling film reboilers
 Reduction in thermal stress,
 Improved product quality,
 Improved heat transfer.
 In-built condensers
 Quick condensation
 Contd.
Options available
 Seal less pumps
 Reduction of leak (in & out)
 Improved flange connections,
 Optimal Liquid gas ratio,
 Low rpm pumps at bottom of columns
 Optimum operating vacuum.
Process Control
 DCS
 Forward or backward feed back control

 Multivariable process optimizer

 Mass flow meters

 Capacitance level indicators


Processing steps

 Step -I
 Degassing,

 Dehydration and
 Removal of low boiling components.
 Contd.
Processing steps
 Step-I
 Enough stripping section needed otherwise
 Product will have
 Bad smell,
 Poor quality
 Poor heat stability

(Mono, di & trialdehydes are formed


in small quantities during
Hydrogenation.)
Processing steps

 Step-II
 Distillation
and / or
 fractionation of fatty acids

 Contd.
Processing steps

 Step-III
 Removal of pitch
High boiling substances
Residue

Un-split oil / fat.


Thanks

 I will be happy to take any question

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