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Md. Abdul Malek: Lecturer, Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology

The document discusses Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems which are used extensively to monitor and control geographically distributed processes. SCADA systems involve data acquisition and supervisory control to achieve automation. They are widely used in power systems and involve components like Remote Terminal Units (RTUs), communication systems, a master station, and a human-machine interface. RTUs collect data from field devices and send it to the master station for processing and display to operators.

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95 views25 pages

Md. Abdul Malek: Lecturer, Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology

The document discusses Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems which are used extensively to monitor and control geographically distributed processes. SCADA systems involve data acquisition and supervisory control to achieve automation. They are widely used in power systems and involve components like Remote Terminal Units (RTUs), communication systems, a master station, and a human-machine interface. RTUs collect data from field devices and send it to the master station for processing and display to operators.

Uploaded by

kazi ahad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Md.

Abdul Malek
Lecturer, Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology
SCADA

• Energy resources in the present world are limited.

• Energy demand are increasing day by day.

• Conventional power generation resources such as coal, water, and


nuclear fuels are either depleting or raising environmental
concerns.

• Renewable sources are also to be utilized judiciously.


• There is a need to optimize the available resources and reduce
waste of energy.
SCADA

• Automation of power systems is a solution toward this


goal, and every sector of the power system, from
generation, to transmission to distribution to the customer
is being automated today to achieve optimal use of
energy and resources.

• SCADA systems are widely used for automation of the


power sector.
SCADA

SCADA
Supervisory
Control
and
Data
Acquisition

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems are


extensively used for monitoring and controlling geographically
distributed processes in a variety of industries.
SCADA
SCADA implementation involves two major activities:

Data acquisition (monitoring) of a process or equipment


and the supervisory control of the process thus leading to
automation.

The complete automation of a process can be achieved by


automating the monitoring and the control actions.
SCADA
Function of SCADA system:
• It collects status. the measurement of the different parameters and
other data at sub station and power station.

• It transmits the collected data to the control center.

• It process the collected data and display result to the operator.

• It sends the instruction from the control center to sub station and
power station for implementation automatically or by the local
operator.
SCADA

SCADA systems are defined as a collection of equipment's


that will provide an operator at a remote location with
sufficient information to determine the status of particular
equipment or a process and cause actions to take place
regarding that equipment or process without being
physically present
SCADA
Automating a system brings many advantages. Some of the advantages of
SCADA in power system are as follows:

• Increased reliability, as the system can be operated with less severe


contingencies and the outages are addressed quickly.

• Lower operating costs, as there is less personnel involvement due to


automation.

• Faster restoration of power in case of a breakdown, as the faults can be


detected faster and action taken.

• Better active and reactive power management, as the values are accurately
captured in the automation system and appropriate action can be taken.
SCADA

• Reduced maintenance cost, as the maintenance can be more


effectively done with continuous monitoring of the equipment

• Reduced human influence and errors, as the values are


accessed automatically, and the meter reading and related
errors are avoided.

• Faster decision making, as a wealth of information is made


available to the operator about the system conditions to assist
the operator in making accurate and appropriate decisions.
SCADA
SCADA system has four major components.

• Remote terminal unit (RTU).


• Communication system.
• Master station.
• User interface (UI) or human-machine interface (HMI).

Fig. 1: Components of SCADA system.


Remote Terminal Unit
Remote terminal unit (RTU) has following function:

• RTU collects data from the field devices and process the data.

• RTU sends the data to the master station through the


communication system.

• RTU receives control commands from the master station and


transmits these commands to the field devices.
Remote Terminal Unit
Components of RTU:

• Communication Subsystem
• Logic Subsystem
• Termination Subsystem
• Power Supply Subsystem
• Testing and HMI Subsystem

Fig. 2: Components of RTU.


Remote Terminal Unit
Communication Subsystem:
• The communication subsystem is the interface between the SCADA
communication network and the RTU internal logic.

• This subsystems format the messages to be transmitted to the master


station.
• This subsystems sends message to the master station via
communication network.

• This subsystem receives messages from the master station, interprets


the messages and initiates actions within the RTU.

• This subsystems collects data from the field.


Remote Terminal Unit
Logic Subsystem:
• The logic subsystem is the central processing and control unit of
the RTU.
• The logic subsystem collect and process the data.

• The logic subsystem performs sequence-of-events (SOE) logging


or time tagging of events.

• The logic subsystem performs the analog-to-digital conversions.


Remote Terminal Unit
Termination Subsystem:
• The termination subsystem provides the interface between RTU
and external equipment.

• The main function of the termination subsystem is to protect the


RTU from the hostile field environment.

Power Supply Subsystem:


The power supply converts primary power, usually from the
substation battery, to the supply requirements of the other RTU
subsystems.
Remote Terminal Unit
Testing and human-machine interface (HMI) subsystem:
• RTUs located at remote locations and may not have a display
system or HMI associated with them.

• The RTU will have its own built-in routines that can test the
hardware and software and give indications on the panel.

• The test results and related information will be passed on to the


master station.

• Continuous monitoring of the RTU is done so that faults and


problems can be identified and rectified instantly.
SCADA Communication System

SCADA communication refers to the communication channels


employed between the field equipment and the master station.

• Twisted pair.
• Coaxial metallic cable.
• Optical fiber.
• Satellite communication etc.

Communication Protocol: Home task.

.
Master Station

The master station is a collection of computers, servers, peripherals,


and I/O systems that help the operator to monitor the state of the field
and initiate control actions at the appropriate moment.
Human-machine Interface

Human-machine interface (HMI) or user interface (UI) refers to the


space where the interaction between the humans and the system
(machine) happens.

The goal of this interaction is effective operation and control of the


system being monitored, and feedback from the system, which aids
the operator in making operational decisions.

Some HMI devices are


Visual display units, mouse, keyboard etc.
.
Remote Terminal Unit

• The RTUs are wired to the equipment in the substation switchyard.


• The RTUs are collecting analog measurements obtained through
connecting transducers and instrument transformers.
Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED)

• IED simply receives a voltage and current signal (waves) from PT


and CT at each connection point and then computes all the relevant
data including energy, frequency and even phase angle.

• An IED can perform all the functions of protection, control,


monitoring, and upper level communication independently and
without the aid of other devices like an RTU or communications
processor is the identifying feature of an IED.

• IEDs include protective relaying devices, load tap changer


controllers, circuit breaker controllers, capacitor bank switches,
recloser controllers, voltage regulators, etc.
Phasor Measurement Units (PMU)

• Electrical quantity which has both phase and magnitude (for


example bus voltage, line current, and line power) is called a
phasor.

• A PMU is a device which can accurately measure a phasor.

• This measurement is done by the time synchronization of all the


PMUs in the power system to an absolute time reference provided
by the global positioning system (GPS).

• IED captures the signals (waves) at the same instant of time so that
the relative magnitude and phase angles among different bus can
be computed.
Phasor Measurement Units (PMU)

• The time error will be a maximum of 1 microseconds i.e. the


computed phase angles may vary by only ±0.018⁰ from the actual
ones.

• The accuracy of measurements by PMUs have led to the


development of several techniques and algorithms for dynamic
state estimation and fast and reliable control methods.
Global Positioning System

• GPS Stands for Global Positioning System.

• GPS is a satellite navigation system used to determine the ground


position of an object.

• GPS receivers are included in many commercial products, such as


automobiles, smartphones, watches, etc.

• Each GPS satellite broadcasts a message that includes the current


position, orbit, and exact time.
Thank You

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