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L01 - CS101 - Inrtoducing Computer Systems

The document provides an introduction to computer systems and information technologies. It discusses how computers have become integrated into everyday life for tasks like communication, education, work and entertainment. It defines what a computer is and its basic functions of input, processing, output, storage and communication. It also categorizes different types of computers including personal computers, servers, mainframes and supercomputers, and how each is suited for different needs.

Uploaded by

Ali Irtaza
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© © All Rights Reserved
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120 views21 pages

L01 - CS101 - Inrtoducing Computer Systems

The document provides an introduction to computer systems and information technologies. It discusses how computers have become integrated into everyday life for tasks like communication, education, work and entertainment. It defines what a computer is and its basic functions of input, processing, output, storage and communication. It also categorizes different types of computers including personal computers, servers, mainframes and supercomputers, and how each is suited for different needs.

Uploaded by

Ali Irtaza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

FALL 2020

1: INTRODUCING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

ENGR. MEHMOOD UL HASSAN


OUTLINE

• THIS LECTURE COVERS:


• WHAT COMPUTERS ARE, HOW THEY WORK, AND HOW
THEY ARE USED
• COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY
• THE BASIC TYPES OF COMPUTERS IN USE TODAY

11/15/2020 2
COMPUTERS IN YOUR LIFE

• WHY LEARN ABOUT COMPUTERS?


• PERVASIVE COMPUTING
• ALSO KNOWN AS UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING
• COMPUTERS HAVE BECOME AN INTEGRAL PART OF OUR LIVES
• BASIC COMPUTER LITERACY
• KNOWING ABOUT AND UNDERSTANDING COMPUTERS AND THEIR
USES IS AN ESSENTIAL SKILL TODAY FOR EVERYONE
11/15/2020 3
COMPUTERS IN YOUR LIFE
• BEFORE 1980
• COMPUTERS WERE LARGE, EXPENSIVE
• VERY FEW PEOPLE HAD ACCESS TO THEM
• COMPUTERS WERE MOSTLY USED FOR HIGH-VOLUME PROCESSING TASKS
• MICROCOMPUTERS IN THE EARLY 80S
• INEXPENSIVE PERSONAL COMPUTERS
• COMPUTER USE INCREASED DRAMATICALLY
• TODAY
• MORE THAN 80% OF US HOUSEHOLDS INCLUDE A COMPUTER, AND MOST USE
COMPUTERS AT WORK
• ELECTRONIC DEVICES ARE CONVERGING INTO SINGLE UNITS WITH MULTIPLE
CAPABILITIES
11/15/2020 4
COMPUTERS IN THE HOME
• COMPUTERS USED FOR A • SMART APPLIANCES
VARIETY OF TASKS:
• TRADITIONAL
• LOOKING UP INFORMATION
AND NEWS APPLIANCES WITH BUILT-
• EXCHANGING E-MAIL IN COMPUTER OR
• SHOPPING AND PAYING COMMUNICATION
BILLS TECHNOLOGY
• WATCHING TV AND VIDEOS
• SMART HOMES
• DOWNLOADING MUSIC
• HOUSEHOLD TASKS ARE
AND MOVIES
MONITORED AND
• ORGANIZING DIGITAL CONTROLLED
PHOTOGRAPHS BY A MAIN COMPUTER IN
• PLAYING GAMES THE HOUSE 11/15/2020 5
COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION
• COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES ARE NOW MORE COMPUTER
ORIENTED AND INTEGRATED
• WIRELESS HOTSPOTS ALLOW USAGE OF PERSONAL LAPTOPS TO
CONNECT TO THE COLLEGE NETWORK
• SOME COLLEGES REQUIRE A COMPUTER FOR ENROLLMENT/
ONLINE ASSESSMENTS
• DISTANCE LEARNING
• STUDENTS PARTICIPATE FROM LOCATIONS OTHER THAN THE
TRADITIONAL CLASSROOM SETTING USING COMPUTERS AND
INTERNET ACCESS
11/15/2020 6
COMPUTERS ON THE
JOB
• COMPUTERS HAVE BECOME A UNIVERSAL
ON-THE-JOB TOOL FOR DECISION-MAKING,
PRODUCTIVITY, AND COMMUNICATION
• USED BY ALL TYPES OF EMPLOYEES
• USED FOR ACCESS CONTROL AND OTHER
SECURITY MEASURES
• USE BY SERVICE PROFESSIONALS IS
GROWING
• USED EXTENSIVELY BY THE MILITARY
• EMPLOYEES IN ALL LINES OF WORK
NEED TO CONTINUALLY REFRESH THEIR
COMPUTER SKILLS

11/15/2020 7
COMPUTERS ON THE GO
• COMPUTERS ARE ENCOUNTERED IN NEARLY EVERY ASPECT OF DAILY LIFE
• CONSUMER KIOSKS
• ATM TRANSACTIONS
• POS SYSTEMS AT RETAIL STORES
• SELF-CHECKOUT SYSTEMS
• PORTABLE COMPUTERS OR MOBILE DEVICES
• M-COMMERCE SYSTEMS
• GPS SYSTEMS

11/15/2020 8
WHAT IS A COMPUTER AND WHAT DOES IT DO?
• COMPUTER: A PROGRAMMABLE, ELECTRONIC
DEVICE THAT ACCEPTS DATA, PERFORMS
OPERATIONS ON THAT DATA, AND STORES THE
DATA OR RESULTS AS NEEDED
• COMPUTERS FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS,
CALLED PROGRAMS, WHICH DETERMINE
THE TASKS THE COMPUTER WILL PERFORM

• BASIC OPERATIONS
• INPUT: ENTERING DATA INTO THE COMPUTER
• PROCESSING: PERFORMING OPERATIONS ON
THE DATA
• OUTPUT: PRESENTING THE RESULTS
• STORAGE: SAVING DATA, PROGRAMS, OR
OUTPUT FOR FUTURE USE
• COMMUNICATIONS: SENDING OR RECEIVING
DATA
11/15/2020 9
DATA VS.
INFORMATION
• DATA
• RAW, UNORGANIZED FACTS
• CAN BE IN THE FORM OF TEXT, GRAPHICS, AUDIO,
OR VIDEO

• INFORMATION
• DATA THAT HAS BEEN PROCESSED INTO A
MEANINGFUL FORM

• INFORMATION PROCESSING
• CONVERTING DATA INTO INFORMATION

11/15/2020 10
CLASSIFICATI
ON OF
COMPUTERS

11/15/2020 11
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

Mainframe Computers Workstation


Super Computers

11/15/2020 12

Server Desktop Laptop Tablet


HARDWARE
• HARDWARE: THE PHYSICAL PARTS OF A
COMPUTER
• INTERNAL HARDWARE
• LOCATED INSIDE THE MAIN BOX
(SYSTEM UNIT) OF THE COMPUTER
• EXTERNAL HARDWARE
• LOCATED OUTSIDE THE SYSTEM
UNIT
• CONNECT TO THE COMPUTER VIA A
WIRED OR WIRELESS CONNECTION
• THERE IS HARDWARE ASSOCIATED
WITH ALL FIVE COMPUTER
OPERATIONS 11/15/2020 13
SOFTWARE

• SOFTWARE: THE PROGRAMS OR


INSTRUCTIONS USED TO TELL THE
COMPUTER HARDWARE WHAT TO DO
• SYSTEM SOFTWARE: OPERATING SYSTEM
STARTS UP THE COMPUTER AND
CONTROLS ITS OPERATION
• WITHOUT OS COMPUTER CANNOT
FUNCTION
• BOOTS THE COMPUTER AND LAUNCHES
PROGRAMS AT THE USER’S DIRECTION
• APPLICATION SOFTWARE: PERFORMS
11/15/2020 14
SPECIFIC TASKS OR APPLICATIONS
COMPUTERS TO FIT EVERY NEED

• SIX BASIC CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS:


• EMBEDDED COMPUTERS
• MOBILE DEVICES
• PERSONAL COMPUTERS
• MIDRANGE SERVERS
• MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
• SUPERCOMPUTERS

11/15/2020 15
COMPUTERS TO FIT EVERY NEED
• EMBEDDED COMPUTER
• EMBEDDED INTO A PRODUCT AND DESIGNED TO PERFORM SPECIFIC TASKS OR FUNCTIONS
FOR THAT PRODUCT
• CANNOT BE USED AS GENERAL-PURPOSE COMPUTERS

• MOBILE DEVICE
• A VERY SMALL DEVICE WITH SOME TYPE OF BUILT-IN COMPUTING OR INTERNET
CAPABILITY
• TYPICALLY BASED ON MOBILE PHONES
• PERSONAL COMPUTERS
• A SMALL COMPUTER DESIGNED TO BE USED BY ONE PERSON AT A TIME
• ALSO CALLED A MICROCOMPUTER

11/15/2020 16
COMPUTERS TO FIT EVERY NEED
• NOTEBOOK (LAPTOP) COMPUTERS
• TYPICALLY USE CLAMSHELL DESIGN
• TABLET COMPUTERS
• CAN BE SLATE TABLETS OR CONVERTIBLE TABLETS
• NETBOOKS
• SMALL NOTEBOOKS; RAPIDLY GROWING TYPE OF PC
• ULTRA-MOBILE PCS (UMPCS)
• HANDHELD COMPUTERS
• MIDRANGE SERVER
• A MEDIUM-SIZED COMPUTER USED TO HOST PROGRAMS AND DATA FOR A SMALL
NETWORK
• USERS CONNECT VIA A NETWORK WITH A COMPUTER, THIN CLIENT, OR DUMB
TERMINAL 11/15/2020 17
COMPUTERS TO FIT EVERY NEED
• MAINFRAME COMPUTER
• POWERFUL COMPUTER USED BY SEVERAL LARGE ORGANIZATIONS TO
MANAGE LARGE AMOUNTS OF CENTRALIZED DATA
• STANDARD CHOICE FOR LARGE ORGANIZATIONS, HOSPITALS, UNIVERSITIES,
LARGE BUSINESSES, BANKS, GOVERNMENT OFFICES
• ALSO CALLED HIGH-END SERVERS OR ENTERPRISE-CLASS SERVERS
• SUPERCOMPUTER
• FASTEST, MOST EXPENSIVE, MOST POWERFUL TYPE OF COMPUTER
• GENERALLY RUN ONE PROGRAM AT A TIME, AS FAST AS POSSIBLE
• COMMONLY BUILT BY CONNECTING HUNDREDS OF SMALLER COMPUTERS,
SUPERCOMPUTING CLUSTER
11/15/2020 18
11/15/2020 19
QUICK QUIZ

1. A TABLET PC IS AN EXAMPLE OF A(N) _____________.


A. DESKTOP COMPUTER
B. PORTABLE PC
C. INTERNET APPLIANCE

2. TRUE OR FALSE: THE TERMS MAINFRAME COMPUTER AND SUPERCOMPUTER ARE


INTERCHANGEABLE; BOTH REFER TO THE LARGEST, MOST POWERFUL
COMPUTERS.
3. A SMARTPHONE IS AN EXAMPLE OF A(N) _____________.
11/15/2020 20
Answers: 1) b; 2) False; 3) mobile device
SUMMARY

• COMPUTERS IN YOUR LIFE


• WHAT IS A COMPUTER AND WHAT DOES IT DO
• COMPUTERS TO FIT EVERY NEED

11/15/2020 21

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