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Sinusoidal Oscillator: An Electronic Device That Generates Sinusoidal Oscillations of Desired

An electronic sinusoidal oscillator generates sinusoidal oscillations of a desired frequency. It has advantages over mechanical alternators like no moving parts, longer life, silent operation, ability to produce a wide range of frequencies, and easy frequency changing. Oscillations can be damped, with decreasing amplitude, or undamped, with constant amplitude using positive feedback to compensate for losses. A basic oscillatory circuit consists of a parallel capacitor and inductor that produce oscillations at a frequency determined by their values. Common transistor oscillator types include tuned collector, Colpitt's, Hartley, phase shift, and crystal oscillators.

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180 views22 pages

Sinusoidal Oscillator: An Electronic Device That Generates Sinusoidal Oscillations of Desired

An electronic sinusoidal oscillator generates sinusoidal oscillations of a desired frequency. It has advantages over mechanical alternators like no moving parts, longer life, silent operation, ability to produce a wide range of frequencies, and easy frequency changing. Oscillations can be damped, with decreasing amplitude, or undamped, with constant amplitude using positive feedback to compensate for losses. A basic oscillatory circuit consists of a parallel capacitor and inductor that produce oscillations at a frequency determined by their values. Common transistor oscillator types include tuned collector, Colpitt's, Hartley, phase shift, and crystal oscillators.

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basim
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sinusoidal Oscillator

An electronic device that generates


sinusoidal oscillations of desired
frequency is known as a sinusoidal
oscillator.
Alternators vs Electronic oscillators
• Oscillations can be produced by mechanical
devices (e.g. alternators), but electronic
oscillators have the following advantages :
• An oscillator is a non-rotating device.
Consequently, there is little wear and tear
and hence longer life.
• Due to the absence of moving parts, the
operation of an oscillator is quite silent.
• An oscillator can produce waves from small
(20 Hz) to extremely high frequencies (> 100
MHz).
• The frequency of oscillations can be easily
changed when desired.
• It has good frequency stability i.e. frequency
once set remains constant for a considerable
period of time.
• It has very high efficiency
Types of Sinusoidal Oscillations
Damped oscillations. Undamped oscillations.
Damped oscillations.

• The electrical oscillations whose amplitude goes on


decreasing with time are called damped oscillations.
• Here some energy is lost during each oscillation.
• No means are provided to compensate for the losses
and consequently the amplitude of the generated
wave decreases gradually.
• It may be noted that frequency of oscillations
remains unchanged since it depends upon the
constants of the electrical system.
Undamped oscillations.

• The electrical oscillations whose amplitude


remains constant with time are called
undamped oscillations.
• Although there is energy losses, but now right
amount of energy is being supplied to
overcome the losses.
• Consequently, the amplitude of the generated
wave remains constant.
Oscillatory Circuit
•A circuit which produces electrical
oscillations of any desired frequency is
known as an oscillatory circuit or tank
circuit.
•A simple oscillatory circuit consists of a
capacitor (C) and inductance coil (L) in
parallel
•This electrical system can produce
electrical oscillations of frequency
determined L and C
Waveform Frequency of oscillations.
Undamped Oscillations
from Tank Circuit
• The amount of energy supplied should meet
the losses in the tank circuit and the a.c.
energy removed from the circuit by the load.
• The applied energy should have the same
frequency as that of the oscillations in the tank
circuit.
• The applied energy should be in phase with
the oscillations set up in the tank circuit.
Positive Feedback Amplifier —
Oscillator
• A transistor amplifer with proper positive
feedback will work as an oscillator.
• The circuit needs only a quick trigger signal
to start the oscillations. Once the oscillations
have started, no external signal source is
needed.
• In order to get continuous undamped output
from the circuit, Barkhausen criterion is must
• mv Av = 1
• where Av = voltage gain of amplifer without
feedback
• mv = feedback fraction
Essentials of Transistor Oscillator
Different Types of Transistor
Oscillators
• (i) Tuned collector oscillator
• (ii) Colpitt’s oscillator
• (iii) Hartley oscillator
• (iv) Phase shift oscillator
• (v) Crystal oscillator
Tuned Collector Oscillator
Colpitt’s Oscillator
Hartley Oscillator
Principle of Phase Shift Oscillators
Phase Shift Oscillator
Transistor Crystal Oscillator

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