Grammar Structures: Karen Indira Neira-Law Stu Dent

G RA M M A R
ST R U C TU R ES
D IRA NE IRA- LA W ST UD ENT
KAREN IN
SIMPLE PRESENT STRUCTURES
• The structure of the verb in simple present is normally the same as the form of the infinitive in all people except
the third person singular, where a 's' o 'es‘.
Example:
I work, you work, she/he/it/ works, we work, they work.
I go, you go, she/he/it goes, we go, they go.
• With verbs ending in consonant + 'and', we change the 'y' to 'i' + ‘es' in the third person singular:
Example
she/he/it cries, the verb cry
• The interrogative form:
Simple present questions usually require an assistant. The auxiliary we use is "do". This auxiliary is placed in front of
the subject of the verb. The main verb will be in infinitive without “to”
Example
Do you like pizza?
Do John and Mary go to the cinema often?
Why do you want to sell your house?
'Do' changes to 'does' in the third person singular

Example
Does she cry a lot?
Does studying English make you tired?
With the questions that use 'do', the person is reflected in the structure of the auxiliary, not in the verb
Example
Does karen go shopping on Thursdays?
The negative form:
The negative form of the verb in simple present uses 'do + not' (do not = 'do not' in informal or spoken English) or 'does +
not' (does not) (in the third person singular) with the most verbs in English. Again, the main verb after the auxiliary 'do' is
infinitive without 'to':
Example
We don't often go on holiday; we don't like going abroad
It doesn't rain much in Seville in summer.
Don't you want any more cake? No, thank you, I don't.
Doesn't Steve study English? No, he doesn't.
As in the case of verbs in the interrogative form, there are differences in the structure in the verbs 'to be' and 'to have'.
The verb 'to be' does not use the auxiliary never; combines only with 'not‘
Example
I'm not Spanish, I'm English
You aren't a very happy person, are you?
We aren't a member of that club. Are you? No, I'm not either.
Mary and John aren't in the Yellow Pages
SIMPLE PAST STRUCTURES
The Past Simple tense is sometimes called the "preterite tense". We can use several tenses and forms to talk
about the past, but the Past Simple tense is the one we use most often
Positive sentences
subject + main verb

Past Simple For positive sentences:
There is no auxiliary verb.

The main verb is conjugated in the Past Simple, invariable: -ed (or irregular)
Negative and question sentences
subject + auxiliary do + main verb

conjugated in Past Simple
did base
For negative and question sentences:

The auxiliary is conjugated in the Past Simple, invariable: did
The main verb is invariable in base form: base
For negative sentences, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb.
For question sentences, we exchange the subject and the auxiliary verb.
Example
Look at these examples with the main verbs go (irregular) and work (regular)
From the above table, notice the following points...
There is no auxiliary verb, even for questions and negatives.

The main verb (be) is conjugated in the Past Simple: was, were
For negative sentences, we insert not after the main verb.
For question sentences, we exchange the subject and the main verb.
Example
PRESENT PERFECT STRUCTURES
The Present Perfect tense is really a very interesting tense, and a very useful one. Try not to translate the
Present Perfect into your language. Just try to accept the concepts of this tense and learn to "think" Present
Perfect! You will soon learn to like the Present Perfect tense
The auxiliary verb (have) is conjugated in the
The structure of the Present Perfect is:
Present Simple: have, has
The main verb is invariable in past participle

form: -ed (or irregular)
For negative sentences we insert not between the

auxiliary verb and the main verb.
For question sentences, we exchange the subject

and the auxiliary verb.
The auxiliary verb (have) is conjugated in the Present
Simple: have, has
The main verb is invariable in past participle form: -ed

(or irregular)
For negative sentences we insert not between the

auxiliary verb and the main verb.
For question sentences, we exchange the subject and

the auxiliary verb.
Look at these example sentences with the Present

Perfect tense:
PRESENT CONTINUOUS STRUCTURE
We often use the Present Continuous tense in English. It is very different from the Present Simple tense, both in
structure and in use.
The auxiliary verb (be) is conjugated in the

Present Simple: am, are, is
The main verb is invariable in present

participle form: -ing
For negative sentences we insert not between

the auxiliary verb and the main verb.
For question sentences, we exchange the

subject and the auxiliary verb.
Look at these example sentences with the Present
How do we use the Present Continuous tense?
Continuous tense:
We use the Present Continuous to talk about:
• action happening now
• action in the future
Thaks for you
attencion

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G RA M M A R

'Do' changes to 'does' in the third person singular

subject + main verb

There is no auxiliary verb.

subject + auxiliary do + main verb

For negative and question sentences:

There is no auxiliary verb, even for questions and negatives.

The main verb is invariable in past participle

For negative sentences we insert not between the

For question sentences, we exchange the subject

The main verb is invariable in past participle form: -ed

For negative sentences we insert not between the

For question sentences, we exchange the subject and

Look at these example sentences with the Present

The auxiliary verb (be) is conjugated in the

The main verb is invariable in present

For negative sentences we insert not between

For question sentences, we exchange the

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