VISUAL BASIC.

NET
CONTROL STRUCTURES
PART 2
Using Loops

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1

AFTER COMPLETING THIS
CHAPTER, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO:
 Write a While…End While iteration
 Write a Do While…Loop Iteration
 Write a Do...Until Loop
 Use a For … Next iterative construct

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 2

KEY WORDS USED IN THIS
LECTURE
1. While…End While
2. Do While…Loop
3. Do…Until…Loop
4. For…Next

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 3

DEFINITION
 The iteration construct is defined as the
repetition of a task or a set of tasks to be
executed.
 It is also commonly referred to as a loop in
programming.
 In a loop, the programmer will decide what is
the starting value and the stopping condition.
 There are 3 types of looping constructs:
 For…Next
Deterministic loop
 While…End While
 Do…Loop Undeterministic loop
DETERMINISTIC VS. UNDETERMINISTIC

 Deterministic
 The starting value and the stopping value is known.
 Programmer knows exactly how many times the loop
needs to be executed
 Undeterministic
 The starting value is known but stopping value is
unknown
 However, the condition for the loop to stop execution is
known
 LOOP STRUCTURE 1

WHILE…END WHILE

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 6

WHILE…END WHILE STATEMENT
 Visual Basic 2005 uses While…End While
statements to repeat a set of statements as
long as the condition is true.

 If the condition is true, the statements in the

body of the loop get executed.

 Else it skips the body of the loop.

 The End While statement marks the end of

the loop.

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WHILE…END WHILE

While condition is True

execute statement(s)
End While

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FLOWCHART – WHILE…END WHILE

Ctr = 1

Ctr <=10 ctr = ctr + 1

True

False

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 While…End While
‘Display numbers from 1 to 10
n=1
While n <=10
List1.Items.Add(n)
n=n+1
End While

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 10

 LOOP STRUCTURE 2

DO WHILE LOOPS

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DO WHILE LOOPS
 Visual Basic 2005 uses a Do…while…Loop that
executes a group of statements until a
certain condition become False.

 A Do…while…Loop has several formats,

depending on where and how the loop
condition is evaluated.

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 12

DO WHILE…LOOP
Do While condition is True
execute statement(s)
Loop

DO…LOOP WHILE

Do
execute statement(s)
Loop While condition is True
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EX: DO WHILE…LOOP
n1 = 1
Do While n1 <= 10
ListBox1.Items.Add(n1)
n1 = n1 + 1
Loop

EX: DO…LOOP WHILE

n1 = 1
Do
ListBox1.Items.Add(n1)
n1 = n1 + 1
Loop While n1 <= 10

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 14

DO WHILE…LOOP
Ctr = 1  If the condition at
the top of the loop
isn’t True when the
Do statement first
True evaluated, the Do
Ctr <=10 ctr = ctr + 1 loop is never
executed.
False

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 15

DO…LOOP WHILE
• If you want the loop to
Ctr = 1 run at least once in a
program, put the
conditional test at the
ctr = ctr + 1 bottom of the loop.
• Note that the test of the
True entered test is case
Ctr <=10 sensitive, which means
“Done” and “DONE”
False are not same in the
condition
A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 16
AVOIDING AN ENDLESS LOOP
 When you use looping constructs in your
programs, it’s very important to design your
test conditions so that each loop has a true
exit point.
 If a loop test never evaluates to False, the
loop executes endlessly.
 So you should provide some method to take
out the control from the loop. Following
example shows you how to use a character to
break the loop.

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 17

HOW TO BREAK A LOOP BY
ENTERING A VALUE

Dim Num, n1 as Double

Do
Num=InputBox(“Enter a Number. Type -1 to quit.”)
n1 =Num * Num
Textbox1.Text=n1
Loop While Num>= 0

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 LOOP STRUCTURE 3
DO UNTIL LOOPS

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DO UNTIL LOOPS
 Visual Basic 2005 uses a Do…until…Loop that
executes a group of statements until a certain
condition becomes true.
 If the Condition of the Loop is evaluated to
true, then the Loop would not enter to the
loop construct, which is opposite to the Do…
While loop.
 A Do loop has several formats, depending on
where and how the loop condition is evaluated.

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 20

DO UNTIL…LOOP
Do Until condition becomes True
execute statement(s)
Loop

DO…LOOP UNTIL
Do
execute statement(s)
Loop Until condition becomes True

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 21

EX: DO UNTIL …LOOP
n1 = 1
Do Until n1>10
ListBox1.Items.Add(n1)
n1 = n1 + 1
Loop
EX:
n1 = 1
Do
ListBox1.Items.Add(n1)
n1 = n1 + 1
Loop Until n1>10

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 22

DO UNTIL…LOOP
Ctr = 1  If the condition at
the top of the loop
isn’t evaluated to
false, when the Do
False statement first
Ctr > 10 ctr = ctr + 1 evaluated, the Do
loop is never
executed.
True

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 23

DO…LOOP UNTIL
Ctr = 1
• If you want the loop to run
at least once in a program,
put the conditional test at the
ctr = ctr + 1
bottom of the loop.

False
Ctr > 10

True

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 24

COMPARING DO WHILE AND
DO UNTIL

• While … End While and Do .. While

loop will execute statements in the loop
when the condition is True
• Do until loop will execute statements in
the loop when the condition is False

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 LOOP STRUCTURE 4

FOR … NEXT
ITERATIVE CONSTRUCT

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FOR…NEXT LOOPS
 The For…Next loop is ideal for situations that
require a counter because it initializes, test and
auto-increments a counter variable.

For counter = startvalue To endvalue [step increment]

Statements(s)
Next

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 FOR…NEXT LOOP - SYNTAX
For x = initialvalue to endvalue Step increment
execute statement (s)
Next x

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EXAMPLE
TO USE A FOR…NEXT LOOP TO PRINT ALL ODD
NUMBERS FROM 1 TO 10

Dim n1 as integer
For n1 = 1 To 10 Step 2
ListBox1.Items.Add(n1)
Next n1

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 29

 FOR…NEXT LOOPS
 The variable after “Next” is optional.
 You replace initialvalue and endvalue with
numeric values representing starting and
stopping points for the loop.
 Step increment is also optional. By default
Next will increment the loop count by 1.
 But if you need to change the Step increment
to another value, then you should make use of
keyword Step followed by the loop counter.

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 30

EXAMPLE - TO USE A FOR…NEXT LOOP
TO PRINT ALL NUMBERS FROM 1 TO 10
Dim n1 as integer
For n1 = 1 To 10
ListBox1.Items.Add(n1)
Next n1
Dim n1 as integer
For n1 = 1 To 10 Step 1
ListBox1.Items.Add(n1)
Next n1
A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 31
WRITE A PROGRAM TO DISPLAY
1 TO 10 IN A LISTBOX
1. Make use of a While…End While iteration.
2. Code for the form Load Event
3. Use While…End While Loop

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 32

Public Class Q1From1To10
Dim n1 As Integer

Private Sub Q1From1To10_Load(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
Handles MyBase.Load
n1 = 1
While n1 <= 10
List1.Items.Add(n1)
n1 = n1 + 1
End While

End Sub
End Class

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 33

WRITE A PROGRAM TO DISPLAY THE SUM
OF DIGITS FROM 1 TO 10
I.E 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10

 Show your answer using the Do

While…Loop
 Use a MessageBox to display the Sum

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 34

Public Class Q4Sum1to10

Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
Handles Button1.Click
Dim i, sum As Integer
i=1
Do While i <= 10
sum = sum + i
i=i+1
Loop
MessageBox.Show("Sum is " & sum)
End Sub
End Class

A.P.I.I.T - Revised by Nadeera Ahangama 3/11/2009 1- 35

EXERCISE
 Write a program which lets you enter the
price of several articles.
 The user will enter a price of zero to indicate
that there are no more articles to be added.
 Once all the articles have been entered, the
program must display the total price of all
the articles.

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EXERCISE

*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
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