Visual Basic .

Net
AAPP00-8-3-2

Arrays
Lecture 10
 Topic & Structure of the lesson
•Introduction
•One Dimensional array
•Sorting an array
•Searching an array
•Multidimensional array

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 Learning Outcomes

At the end of this lecture you will be able to :

1. Declare a one dimensional array
2. Store data into an array
3. Pass an array to a sub procedure
4. Sort an array using bubble sort
5. Search an array using linear search

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 Key Words

If you have mastered this topic, you should be

able to use the following terms correctly in your
assignments and tests:
1. Dim
2. Index
3. Sort
4. Search
5. Rnd

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 Definition of Arrays

An array is a consecutive group of memory

locations that all have the same name and
the same type

To refer to a particular location or element in

the array we specify the array name and the
index value

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 How do arrays work?
Numbers(0) 56
Name of Array
(all the same) Numbers(1) 34 The first
array
Numbers(2) 12 element
has an
Numbers(3) 32 index of 0.
Dim Numbers(5) (In VB6
Numbers(4) 45 you could
change the
Numbers(5) 23 lower
bound. In
VB2005/8,
it cannot
Only the index number makes
be
the difference
changed.)

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 Declaring Arrays

Arrays start at 0 so the following declares

an array of 11 elements.

Dim num(10) As Integer

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 Example
Dim n(5) as Integer
Private Sub Command1_Click()
For i = 0 To 5
n(i) = i
Next
End Sub

012345 Six Elements

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 Exercise 1
age(4) 1. Write a statement to declare the array
2
2 Write a statement to print 8 from the array

1 3 Write a statement to total all elements in the

array. Hint: you will need a loop.
3 4 Write a statement to double each element in the
array i.e. multiply each element by 2
6 5 What is age(0) +age(4) ?

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 Example
Dim num(5) As Integer
Private Sub Command1_Click()
‘convert negative numbers to positive
For x = 0 To 5
If num(x) < 0 Then
num(x) = -1 * num(x)
End If
Next x
End Sub

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 Example
Dim frequency(6), i, dieNo As Integer

‘count the number of times each number is ‘rolled’

For i = 1 To 1000
dieNo = 1 + Int(Rnd() * 6)
frequency(dieNo) = frequency(dieNo) + 1
Next
MessageBox.Show( “These are the results of the die roll: ”)
For i = 1 To 6
MsgBox (“No. “ & i & “ was rolled “
& frequency(x) & “ times”)
Next

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 Exercise 2

Write a program that constructs an array of 20

integers, in which the elements of the array are
initialized to the first 20 even numbers.
After the initialization process, multiply all the
elements of the array by 3.
Print the elements of the array before and after the
multiplication using 2 List Boxes.

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 Solution
Dim evenArray(20) As Integer
Private Sub Command1_Click()
Dim evenNumber, i as Integer
evenNumber = 2
For i = 1 To 20
evenArray(i) = evenNumber
List1.AddItem evenArray(i)
evenNumber = evenNumber + 2
Next
For i = 1 To 20
evenArray(i) = evenArray(i) * 3
List2.AddItem evenArray(i)
Next
End Sub
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 Example of String Arrays
Arrays can contain any data type, including strings
Dim Cars(2) As String
Dim chosenCar As Integer
Cars(0) = “Proton Satria”
Cars(1) = “Nissan Sentra”
Cars(2) = “Honda Accord”
‘random number between low and high is
‘rand = low + Int(high – low + 1) * Rnd())
chosenCar = Int(3 * Rnd())
MessageBox.Show (“I will give you a “ &
Cars(chosenCar))
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 Exercise 3

The table below gives names and test scores from a math
contest. Write a program to display the names of the students
scoring above the average for these eight students.
Richard 135
Geraldine 114
James 92
John 91
Paul 150
Max 114
Robert 91
Barbara 124

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 Exercise 4

Write a program that constructs an array of 20

integers, initialized with a random number from 1 to
20.
Create another array of 6 elements. Using this array,
find out how many numbers of the 20 integer array are
multiples of 2, 3, 4 and 5.

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 Solution 1/2
Dim num(20) As Integer
Dim count(5) As Integer
Private Sub Command1_Click()
Dim j As Integer
For j = 0 To 20
num(j) = 1 + Int(Rnd * 20)
Next

For j = 1 To 20
If num(j) Mod 2 = 0 Then
count(2) = count(2) + 1
End If
If num(j) Mod 3 = 0 Then
count(3) = count(3) + 1
End If

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 Solution 2/2
If num(j) Mod 4 = 0 Then
count(4) = count(4) + 1
End If
If num(j) Mod 5 = 0 Then
count(5) = count(5) + 1
End If
Next j
MsgBox ( “Multiple of Two’s" & count(2))
MsgBox (“Multiple of Three’s" & count(3))
MsgBox ( “Multiple of Four’s" & count(4))
MsgBox (“Multiple of Five’s & count(5))
End Sub

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 Passing Arrays to Procedures

For a procedure to receive an array through a call,

the parameter list must specify that an array will be
received. For example:
Private Sub ProcessArray(x() As Integer)

The following call passes the array Months to the

above procedure:
Call ProcessArray(Months())

Remember: Arrays are passed by reference, not value!

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 Example of an Array Program
using Procedures 1/2

Dim num(30) As Integer

Dim y As Integer

Private Sub Form_Load()

Call InitializeArray(num())
Call UpdateValues(num())
End Sub

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 Example of an Array Program using Procedures 2/2
Private Sub InitializeArray(x() As Integer)
Dim i as integer
For i = 1 To 30
x(i) = 1 + Int(Rnd() * 10)
List1.AddItem x(i)
Next
End Sub
Private Sub UpdateValues(x() As Integer)
Dim i as integer;
For i = 1 To 30
x(i) = x(i) * x(i)
List2.AddItem x(i)
Next
End Sub
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 Exercise 5

Write a program that will pass an array

of 10 integers to a sub program. The
sub program will initialize the array to a
random number from 1 to 10.

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 Sorting Arrays

The simplest way to sort an array is through a bubble

sort. The lighter number floats up to the top.

X(1) 5 X(1) 3 X(1) 3

X(2) 3 X(2) 3 X(2) 5
Temp 5 Temp 5 Temp 5

Temp = X(1) X(1) = X(2) X(2) = Temp

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

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 Program that Sorts Arrays
Private Sub Command1_Click()
Dim num(10) As Integer
Dim y, maxNo, temp As Integer
For y = 1 To 10
num(y) = 1 + Int(Rnd() * 100)
Next y
For maxNo = 1 To 10 Step 1
For y = 1 To 9 Step 1
If num(y) > num(y + 1) Then
temp = num(y)
num(y) = num(y + 1)
num(y + 1) = temp
End If
Next y
Next maxNo
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 Exercise 6

Write a program to sort the following array

into descending order
1578903264

After Sorting
9876543210

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 Searching Arrays

There are (at least) two ways to search through

an array:
Linear search
Compares each element with the search key

Binary search
Eliminates searching through redundant
arrays by comparing the search key with
the middle element (array must be
sorted) Like searching through a
dictionary

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 Exercise 7

 Write a program to store 10 random numbers

into an array called Num
 Accept a value from the user using an
InputBox
 Search the array to find the value
 If the number is found display using MsgBox
“Number Found” otherwise display “Not
Found”

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 Program Using Linear Search
Dim a(10) As Integer
Dim x, key As Integer
For x = 1 to 10
a(x) = val(Inputbox(“Enter Num”)
Next
key = val(Inputbox(“Enter Num to Search”)
For x = 0 To 10
If a(x) = key
MsgBox “Found”
Exit Sub
End If
Next
MsgBox (The number “ & key “was not found”
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 Program Using Binary Search

Dim a(10),x, low, middle, high, key As Integer

For x = 1 to 10
a(x) = val(Inputbox(“Enter Num”)
Next
key = val(Inputbox(“Enter Num to Search”)
low = 0
high = 10

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 Program Using Binary Search (cont)
Do While (low <= high)
middle = (low + high) / 2
If (key = a(middle)) Then
MsgBox “Found”
Exit Sub
Elseif (key < a(middle) Then
high = middle – 1
Else
low = middle + 1
End If
Loop
MsgBox “Not found”
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 Multi-dimensional Arrays

While single dimensional arrays look like

this:
A B C D E

A two-dimensional array looks like this:

A1 B1 C1 D1 E1
A2 B2 C2 D2 E2
A3 B3 C3 D3 E3

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 Declaring a Multi-dimensional Array

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 If we were to represent
1 a chess board using a
multi-dimensional
2
array, we will have the
3 following declaration:
4
Dim chess(7,7) As Integer
5
6
Red square: chess(5,4)
7

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 Example of using a Multi-Dimensional Array

Option explicit
‘store values into a two dimensional array
Dim n(2, 3) As Integer
Private Sub Command1_Click()
For i = 0 To 2
For j = 0 To 3
n(i, j) = CInt(InputBox(“Enter value for Row ” & i
& “Column ” & j))
Next
Next
‘display contents of the array to listbox
For i = 0 To 2
For j = 0 To 3
List1.AddItem n(i, j)
Next
Next
End Sub

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 Exercise 8
The scores for the top three golfers at the
1999 golf tournament are shown in table below
Round
1 2 3 4
Tiger Woods 70 66 65 69
Tom Kite 77 69 66 70
Tommy Tolles 72 72 72 67

• Write a procedure to enter the data to an array

• Write a program to compute the total score for
each player

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 Solution
Dim name(1 to 3) as string, score (1 to 3, 1 to 4) as integer
Private sub command1_click()
Dim player, round, total as integer
For player = 1 to 3
name(player) = inputbox(“enter name”)
for round 1 = 1 to 4
name(player, round) = CInt(inputbox(“enter score”))
next
next
‘compute score for each payer
For player = 1 to 3
total = 0
For round = 1 to 4
total = total + score(player,round)
Next
MsgBox (“The total score for” & name(player) & “is ’’ & total)
Next

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 Exercise 9

• Write a program to store random

numbers from 1 to 10 into a one
dimensional array and determine the
largest number

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 Exercise 10

100 students were asked to rate the quality of a

particular lecturer in their class. They gave a rating on
a scale of 1 to 10 (1 being terrible and 10 being
excellent). Place the 100 responses in an array of
integers and summarize the results of the poll.
Note: The responses are to be randomized.

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 Solution
Dim frequency(10), x, poll As Integer
Private Sub Command1_Click()
For x = 1 To 100
poll = 1 + Int(Rnd() * 10)
frequency(poll) = frequency(poll) + 1
Next
Print "These are the results of the poll:"
For x = 1 To 10
Print "No. " & x & " = " & frequency(x)
Next
End Sub

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 Next lecture

Files

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 Q&A

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